Biographical Memoirs Volume 69 (1996) / Chapter Skim
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WILLIAM FRANCIS GIAUQUE
WILLIAM FRANCIS GIAUQUE
Pages 38-57
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PITZER AND DAVID A . SHIRLEY WILLIAM FRANCIS GlAUQUE IS remembered particularly for his discovery of adiabatic demagnetization as a means to reach very Tow temperatures as well as for his exhaustive en c!
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This connection hac! a pivotal role in William Francis Giauque's later education en c!
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Frank by his family en c! Bill by his peers, but his stern demeanor en c!
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with few trips macle for any purpose except to receive major awards. He also persuaclec!
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He thus acquirer! an unclerstancling of the applicability of quantum statistics to the calculation of thermodynamic quantities, in particular calculation of the absolute entropy of any gas of cliatomic molecules from spectroscopic ciata.
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the i70 isotope as well. The discovery of the oxygen isotopes provided the first clear proof that molecules retain zero-point vibrational energy at absolute zero temperature.
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be requires! for meaningful measurements of the final low temperatures reached upon demag netization.
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two sons, William Francis Ashley Giauque en c! Robert Davic!
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the heat capacities en c! heats of transition of the halogen acicis from very low temperatures upward.
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to refine low-temperature scales throughout his career. He wrote an amusing parable in Nature in 1939 as a plea to use a single fixed point in defining the size of the degree in the absolute temperature scale.
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Giauque taught his research students to be the most clemancling critics of their own ciata, reasoning that once publishec! their work wouIc!
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Giauque taught that course every spring semester thereafter until his nominal retirement in June 1962. His classroom style was to lecture while using the blackboarc!
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WILLIAM FRAN CI S GIAU QUE 51 namics. His work will Tong endure in the textbooks.
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The third law of thermodynamics. Evidence from specific heats of glycerol that the entropy of a glass exceeds that of a crystal at the absolute zero.
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A test of the third law of thermodynamics by means of two crystalline forms of phosphine. The heat capac
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The measurement of adiabatic differential magnetic susceptibility near 1° absolute. The heat capacity of gadolinium phosphomolybate tridecahydrate from 0.17 to 4.7° absolute.
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Thermodynamic temperature and heat capacity of NiSiF6~6H2O without heat introduction below 0.35°K. Magnetic moment and internal energy from 0.05° to 4.2°K.
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Thermodynamic temperature without heat introduction below 0.5°K. The freezing-in of magnetic structure in the lambda region.
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IV. Determination of absolute temperature scales and other properties below 0.5°K with constant magnetic fields along the a crystal axis.
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