Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Part IV Discussion
Part IV Discussion
Pages 419-432
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From page 419... ...
REED HOYT: Clearly, soldiers can have high rates of exercise energy expenditure at altitude due to the high cost of traversing mountainous terrain. This high cost is not unexpected given the steep grades and poor footing that characterize mountainous terrain, as well as the heavy loads soldiers often carry.
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From page 420... ...
Closer coupling means that increases in work rate are accompanied by smaller than expected changes in cell phosphorylation potential, phosphocreatine, and pH, and consequently less stimulation of glycolysis and
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From page 421... ...
As I showed in one of the last slides, there is some diuresis even in the fed individual, but it amounts to less than a half a kilogram effective weight loss over a long period of time. ALLEN CYMERMAN: I am in the position of having supported three studies now that showed three different findings on fat metabolism.
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From page 422... ...
To perform that same amount of work at high altitude is going to cost more carbohydrates, because carbohydrate oxidation is solely a function of relative exercise intensity, everything else being equal. So carbohydrate requirements have to be greater for the same absolute work load.
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From page 423... ...
It is interesting that Frank Consolazio's studies showed benefits to reducing high-altitude symptoms when he used a liquid diet. Eldon Askew did a study on a mountain in Hawaii where he gave a liquid supplement, and he was able to reduce symptoms and enhance running endurance time at high altitude.
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From page 424... ...
DAVID SCHNAKENBERG: One more quick comment on two studies, Reed Hoyt's arid Gail Butterfield's, as to whether the subjects stayed with carbohydrate metabolism or were shifting to lipid metabolism. In Reed's study, they were in caloric insufficiency, and in Gail's they were calorically adequate.
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From page 425... ...
You do not have to study food intake to know that sick people do not eat. Neither one of you reported it as acute mountain sickness.
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From page 426... ...
Peter Farrell and I have published a couple of papers that show that iron-deficient anemic animals in which we used hyper-insulinemic euglycemic clamps, had increased glucose utilization, and an increased sensitivity to insulin. If in fact the underlying biology here is another aspect of hypoxic drive, then perhaps these acute highaltitude exposures are one of the influences.
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From page 427... ...
People have shown that it protects against ozone, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon tetrachloride; you name it, vitamin E just seems to have a very good effect. What impressed me, however, is the high biological specific activity of this substance, and how little is needed to offer protection in a variety of animal experiments.
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From page 428... ...
So in radiation chemistry and in lipid oxidation, we enhance the effectiveness of the vitamin E Actually we regenerate it by having ascorbyl palmitate in the system, and that becomes a sacrificial lamb and regenerates the vitamin E
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From page 429... ...
When I used to teach metabolism, the question was, what is basal metabolic rate? A lot of it is pumping ions, and I wonder if anyone has looked at some of the ATPases, especially in light of what we are learning in reperfusion injury, and calcium ATPases.
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From page 430... ...
As we shift into different carbohydrate metabolism, we might shift some of these binding curves as well. ROBERT SCHOENE: From the clinical perspective, we are talking about oxygen radicals and injury among mostly young, healthy people.
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From page 431... ...
In that case, the vitamin E deficiency protects against the malaria, because the parasite is more susceptible to the oxidative stress in the host. So you can choose your disease and get your results.
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