Review and Evaluation of Alternative Chemical Disposal Technologies (1996) / Chapter Skim
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10 TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONS
10 TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONS
Pages 167-182
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From page 167... ...
THE COMPARISON CRITERIA The panel has continued to use three headings to organ ize comparison criteria into groupings that are similar but not identical to groupings used in the NRC Criteria Report Evaluation. The headings used here are Process Performance and Engineering; Safety, Health, and the Environment; and Implementation Schedule.
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From page 168... ...
Such processes minimize unit operations, use proven components, and can be constructed from materials that are compatible with residual streams and with process conditions-including startup, shutdown, and emergency response. Frequently these processes have slow reaction rates, are operated at low temperature and low pressure, and are simple to operate and control.
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From page 169... ...
169 o o _ Cal _ Cat Z C: :C To e: ~ At Cat _ 3 ~ O Z ~ - .
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From page 170... ...
The risk of worker exposure to agent or other hazards is a function of technology maintenance requirements, the degree of process automation, the duration of destruction campaigns, the quality of in-plant monitoring, and the intrinsic safety of the technology. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The panel identified four criteria under this heading by which the alternative technologies could be assessed for their potential impact on the implementation schedule for stockpile destruction at Aberdeen and Newport.
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From page 171... ...
/nter/ocking Because CEP consists of numerous unit operations that are tightly integrated in a continuous process, a high degree of integrated process control and safety interlocking is required. Commercial-scale demonstration units have proven control systems, including safety interlocks.
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From page 174... ...
views this and the other status factors as a strong indication that technical development will not delay the TPC's schedule. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES Processing Schedule The TPC's schedule mentioned above includes approximately one year for HD processing at the Aberdeen site and one year for VX processing at Newport, once facilities are ready for full-scale operation with agent.
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From page 175... ...
. The process requires handling highly corrosive or reactive materials such as nitric acid, concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions, hydrogen peroxide, and 90 percent oxygen gas.
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From page 176... ...
Again, lack of regulator familiarity with the technology might delay the permitting process. Public Acceptance The communities near the Aberdeen and Newport sites have stated their preference for low temperature, low pressure, "closed loop" processes.
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From page 177... ...
However, the entire process consists of a number of sequential unit operations that must be tightly integrated and controlled. The recovery of solid process residuals (those containing phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, and solid carbon)
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From page 178... ...
H2S, which must be scrubbed from the process gas and converted to elemental sulfur, is extremely toxic. Test prior to Release The process gas stream that goes to the steam boiler for combustion is held in tanks and tested prior to combustion, although the products of combustion are not tested prior to release through the stack.
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From page 179... ...
Hazard /nvenfory The inherent hazard potential, apart from the hazards associated with handling agent, is limited because the aqueous streams are nonflammable and at low temperature (90°C) end pressure (1 arm gauge)
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From page 180... ...
Agent destruction and waste disposal are carried out at low temperature and pressure, conditions that limit the possibility of injury. Handling sodium hydroxide solutions requires care, but the requisite practices are standard in the chemical industry.
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From page 181... ...
Handling sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite solutions requires care, but the requisite practices are standard in the chemical industry. implementation Schedule Technics/ Development The TPC has considerable operating experience and some basic process data from bench-scare testing with agent in reactors ranging up to 114 liters.
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From page 182... ...
Permitting Requirements Implementing the TPC's plan to pilot-test VX neutralization in one module of what would become the multimodule full-scale, full-rate facility at Newport will EVALUATION OFALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES require modification of the Indiana statute that mandates prior success of the technology at a comparable facility elsewhere. There appear to be no other statutory barriers to acquiring permits for the neutralization pilot plant.
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