Biodiversity Conservation in Transboundary Protected Areas (1996) / Chapter Skim
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5 Monitoring and Measuring the Diversity of Life in Border Areas
5 Monitoring and Measuring the Diversity of Life in Border Areas
Pages 219-258
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From page 221... ...
We have found that the creation of a database information system offers the most convenient method for storing data on biodiversity mapping in Tatra National Park. However, the database is only as good as the data that is fed into it.
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From page 222... ...
(E xi,2 N2 = -- -- -Exi2 xi - the value of species significance This index is transparent and gives a wide spectrum of values along the scale of 1 - 100. However, even highly-diversified communities do not have values higher than 50.
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From page 223... ...
ENDANGERED SPECIES OR HABITATS OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE Peatland Habitats Peatland habitats were lost in the past as a result of land reclamation, the intensification of agricultural practices, the construction of communications infrastructures, river straightening, turf cutting, etc. These habitats are suitable for many endangered and precious species and communities of vascular plants and mosses.
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From page 224... ...
The peatland habitats represent a valuable natural heritage of Tatra National Park, and their adequate protection is an essential part ofthe Park's function. Freshwater Habitats The main features of this ecosystem are the generally low diversity and He marked vulnerability to acid rain and anthropogenic contamination.
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- 0 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ lo !
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1) shows Me apparently greater sensitivity of cryptogamic plants to environmental conditions (1.66% of moss species extinct and 1.86% of lichens, but only 0.6% of higher plant species)
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From page 227... ...
Only in the southeastern part of the Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians do altitudes increase, reaching 2061 m a.s.1. at Hoverla, the highest peak in the Ukrainian Carpathians.
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From page 228... ...
The results of one of the first attempts at a modern approach to the floral diversity of the Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians were presented in a single, recently-published article on the endemism of vascular plants (Stoyko, Tasenkevich, 1993~. On the basis of critical taxonomic and chorological study, some 95 species arid subspecies were considered to be endemic to the Ukrainian Carpathians.
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From page 229... ...
THE STATE OF EXPLORATION OF THE FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF THE UKRAINIAN PART OF THE EASTERN CARPATHIANS BIOSPHERE RESERVE A considerable proportion of the vascular plant species grow in protected areas of several types in the Ukrainian Eastem Carpathians Most of these protected areas have been described in general outline only (Stoyko et al.
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From page 230... ...
This may help to integrate Ukrainian floristics into the Europe-wide chorological programs and to form a unified database for the further floristic monitoring ofthe Biosphere R:eserve. The need to explore and protect floristic diversity throughout the entire territory of the Ukrainian Eastern Carpathians and in transkoundary areas both protected and unprotected means that the following principal tasks must be addressed:
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From page 231... ...
In: Manual of the Ukrainian Carpathians Vascular Plant Species.
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Manual of the Ukrainian Carpathians Vascular Plant Species, 1977. Naukova Dumka Press, Kyiv.
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Forests predominate the East Carpathians Reserve, while meadows comprise only about 15 percent of the area. However, meadows deserve special attention since they not only have natural, scientific significance, but they also have also cultural and historical value.
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From page 234... ...
Each group has different vegetation and different requirements for biodiversity conservation. MOUNTAIN "POLONINY" GRASSLANDS The mountain "poloniny" grasslands, occurring at altitudes above 1000 m, are found in the ridges of the East Carpathians.
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From page 235... ...
The moist meadows of the alliances Calthion and Molinion caerulae are located beside water courses and springs. The species composition of these meadows depends on the water regime, on the nutrient content of the soil, and on the soil reaction (pH)
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From page 236... ...
REFERENCES Bla'kov, D., 1991. Succession in Abandoned Mountain Meadows in the Stu'ica Nature Reserve (The Bukovsk Vrchy Mts., East Slovakia)
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From page 237... ...
. The Latoritsa river basin is located in the westem part of the Ukrainian Carpathians on the border of four geographic regions: the Verchovynsly Mts., ~e Polonynsky Mts., the Vulcanychny Mts., and ~e Zakarpatska Rivnyna Plain (Figure 11.
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From page 238... ...
In the mountain part of the basin there are 4 attitudinal floristical belts of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Tkachyk, Prots, 1993~: xerothermic - mountain, nemoral - mountain, submountain, and mountain. Two zones and 4 vegetational belts are to be found in the :Latoritsa river basin (Holubets, 1978~.
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From page 239... ...
The flora of the Latoritsa basin includes 1146 indigenous plant species (hoary 137 families and 560 genera)
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From page 240... ...
The Latoritsa river basin is notable for a flora with a high degree of floristic diversity. This is due to the basin location on the boundary of several macrophytochorions.
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From page 241... ...
The impoverishment of the genepool of the native flora in the Latoritsa basin is leading to the isolation of populations or plant species in all areas as well as to reduced cover, loss of species, and reduced population vitality (Zahulsky, Prots, 1991, Prots, 1994~. Among the plant species which have disappeared from the Latoritsa basin are: Drosera rotundifolia L., Beckmannia eruciformis 0~ ~ Host., Salix incubaceae L., Scheuch~eria palustris L., and Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott et Kotschy.
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From page 242... ...
Hemerobicity is the result of the action of all types of anthropogenic influence on ecosystem (Blume, Sukopp, 19761. In the Latoritsa river basin, the following degrees of hemerobicity may be noted: ahemerobic (0-2 percent of total number of the hemerobic species)
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From page 243... ...
These include: on the Zakarpatska Rivnyna Plain, small lakes near Chop, the forest near the Dachna railway station, and the forest near the Klucharky railway station; in the Vulcanichni Carpathy Mts., hill slopes near Beregovo, the old beech forest between Synjak and Chynadijevo, the forest near Chynadijevo, the slopes of Pohar hill, and the forest near Carpathy village, Lovachka hill, and Monument hill (Mukachevski Mts.~; and within Verchovynski Carpathy, He Bokjuska Polonyna Range, Hostra hill, the beech forest near the Pereval railway station' the slopes of the Velyka Hranka Range, the valley of the Pynja River near Solochyn, and the valley of the Mala Pynja River near Uklyn . With regards to Polish and Ukrainian scientific collaboration, the investigation of the floristic corridor between Tarnitsa, In He Halich hills of Be Polish Carpathians alla Pikuj hill in the Ukrainian Ca~pa~iaIls are very interesting.
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From page 244... ...
1994. Orchidaeeae Speeies Spreading in the Latoritsa Basin (The Transearpathians)
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From page 245... ...
A network of monitoring areas on vertical transects within the Tatra National Park (TANAP) was established for the purpose of long-term ecoedaphic research and the monitoring of environmental factors.
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From page 246... ...
It is necessary to underline at this point that the composition, while comparable to other ecosystems in TANAP, is not usual for the other regions of Slovakia. This is caused by the limited ability of most tree species to endure the extreme climate and ecoedaphic conditions of the Central Carpathian region and provides a potential basis for the mass destruction and dying-off of unstable forest ecosystems.
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From page 247... ...
~ contrast the second elevation zone is characterized by the prevalence of ozone-conditioned photooxidative stress. Finally, we must say that the development and fisher deepening of this kind of research enables us to signal in time Me decline of He potential resistance of TANAP-forest ecosystems and to make provisions to support Heir stability.
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From page 248... ...
and degree of soil acidification. In accordance with this knowledge, the aim of the work described here is to gain data on the division and total quantity of below-ground biomass in Norway spruce stands under varying pollution regimes.
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Exact values for loads in the investigated monitoring plots are given below in Table 2 (Kontrisova 1990~. All data on below-ground biomass were gained through destructive sampling of trees.
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From page 250... ...
Our data are furler confirmed by results from Oszlanyi (1986) , who estimated the root biomass in terms of below-ground fresh weight at 115 t ha-1 in a 60 year-old Norway spruce stand.
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From page 251... ...
(in Slovak) Oszlanyi, J., 1986: Analysis into Biomass Production and into its Energy Equivalent of the Tree Layer in Five Forest Ecosystems.
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From page 252... ...
. CHAR\CTERISTICS OF THE WATERSHED The relatively limited permeability of the East Carpathian flysch ensures a shallow circulation of ground water.
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. N D J F 11 lo,, J month X Ram~nica ° Smoluile -- a -- Bodes FIGURE 1 Mean Monthly Flows on Some Eastern Carpathian Brooks (upper part)
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From page 254... ...
in mean monthly flows is the result of summer rains. The hydrological regime in crystalline complexes and neovulcanits of Slovakia (Figure 1, low part)
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From page 255... ...
in the western part of East Carpathian region. A surprisingly strong crayfish population was found in the Starina Reservoir when it is recalled that the reservoir was filled only six years ago.
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in Slovakian Eastern Carpa~ians
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From page 257... ...
Straskraba M., 1962, Amphipoden der Tschechoslowakei nach dem Sammlungen von Prof. Hrabe I
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