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From page 88... ... 4Precluding Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Coupling Events INTRODUCTION Current requirements and processes employed during the development of military and commercial aircraft do not preclude adverse APC events or ensure that they will be recognized when they do occur. APC-related incidents and accidents have occurred in both developmental and operational (nondevelopmental) Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... • Structural dynamics may significantly influence closed-loop control systems and must be considered in the design process, particularly for large aircraft. • The FCS must accommodate transitions between different modes in a way that is consistent with the pilot's expectations. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... • Manufacturers of civil and military aircraft often consider the approaches they use to address adverse APC part of the proprietary design and manufacturing process. The APC characteristics of current aircraft are often treated as proprietary or classified performance data, which tends to inhibit the exchange of APC-related information and interferes with cooperative efforts to eliminate adverse APC. Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... reduction process from early in the program until the aircraft enters service. • A multidisciplinary team should develop the FCS. Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... Fi gu re 4 -1 D es ig n pr oc es s fo r a vo id in g ad ve rs e A PC e ve nt s. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... are all influenced by the inceptor selection. For all of these reasons, it is important that the design team reach agreement or develop a plan to reach an agreement very early in the design process on the type of inceptor. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... added to this list. Among the additional criteria that should be considered are the following: • Aircraft-Bandwidth* Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... and maintainability. A well structured process for developing control laws should be implemented. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... appropriate parameters. These specifications also should address APC lessons learned. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... • failure states for the FCS and all interfaces • structural influences From an APC standpoint, these factors should be assessed in the context of upsets or abuses that may occur in conjunction with large or otherwise inappropriate pilot inputs under high workload conditions. Simulation Considerations Simulators and simulator pilots play a significant role in developing the FCS and reducing the risk of adverse APC. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... in the design process. However, discovering, minimizing, or eliminating most adverse APC requires high-gain pilot inputs. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... • mission-oriented precision tasks (e.g., air-to-air tracking, air-to-air refueling, etc.) • evasive maneuvering The design and development process is iterative in nature. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... TABLE 4-2 Suggested Tasks and Inputs for APC Evaluation Aggressive Acquisition Maneuvers Air-to-air and air-to-ground gross acquisition; the acquisition should be as rapid as possible, with overshoots no greater than 5 mils. Small, precisely controlled heading changes of a specified value (e.g., 10 degrees) Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... 1. Move the control stick to maximum positive pitch deflection and hold for a selected time period. Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... evaluate corrective measures. Airbus, which has by far the largest number of FBW-equipped commercial aircraft in service (more than 600 aircraft, with more than six million flight hours as of early 1996) Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... to reduce or eliminate oscillations in the 3-Hz regime for the CH-53E helicopter and the Boeing 777 (see, e.g., Nelson and Landes54) Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... • Automated modes and pilot proficiency. As discussed in Chapter 2, current and future airline operations have relied and will continue to rely heavily on automated modes of the FCS. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... increase significantly if software and hardware updates are not managed properly. -- Software updates. Read the entire page →

From page 88...

... 4Precluding Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Coupling Events INTRODUCTION Current requirements and processes employed during the development of military and commercial aircraft do not preclude adverse APC events or ensure that they will be recognized when they do occur. APC-related incidents and accidents have occurred in both developmental and operational (nondevelopmental)