Assessment of Hydrologic and Hydrometeorological Operations and Services (1996) / Chapter Skim
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2 BACKGROUND
2 BACKGROUND
Pages 9-18
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From page 9... ...
For this reason, the processing of radar precipitation estimates, quality control of these and other environmental observations, and discussions of precipitation forecasts and other important activities in the modernized NWS require that meteorologists and hydrologists work side by side in an efficient and integrated manner. The modernized NWS workforce will continue to have personnel specifically trained and educated in either meteorology or hydrology, but greater emphasis will be placed on relevant formal education, especially on continued training in interdisciplinary topics.
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From page 10... ...
, the establishment of the new WFOs will foster closer cooperation between hydrologists and meteorologists and enable the production of more accurate, site-specific, and timely hydrologic forecasts. The NWS modernization will be complemented with new hydrologic software technologies that include: · the NWS River Forecast System the WFO Hydrologic Forecast System a successor to the present Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite data distribution system, which will be known as the Hydrometeorological Automated Data System the next-generation RFC computer capability the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System The implementation of these new technologies presents an opportunity to improve significantly NWS weather and hydrology warning and forecast services in the United States,
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From page 11... ...
Hydrometeorological Service Operations The accuracy and usefulness of river forecasts derived from RFC operations are expected to improve substantially through more frequent updating of guidance products, development and calibration of new forecast procedures, and
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From page 12... ...
· Large-scale computer weather forecasts .1 The National Meteorological Center has become part of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. FIGURE 2-2 Flow of hydrologic products and guidance through NWS offices under current modernization and associated restructuring.
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14 ASSESSMENT OF HYDROLOGIC AND HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL OPERATIONS AND SERVICES ~'_= / C 1 ~ A/ ~ 1 ~ MU \ ~ \~ \SERFC By WGRFC, ~ ~ RFC Abbrev. RFC Name ABRFC Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center AKRFC Alaska River Forecast Center CBRFC Coloraclo Basin River Forecast Center CNRFC California-Nevada River Forecast Center EMFRC Lower Mississippi River Forecast Center MARFC Miciclle Atlantic River Forecast Center MBRFC Missouri Basin River Forecast Center NCRFC North Central River Forecast Center NERFC Northeast River Forecast Center NWRFC Northwest River Forecast Center OHRFC Ohio River Forecast Center SERFC Southeast River Forecast Center WGRFC West Gulf River Forecast Center FIGURE 2-3 River Forecast Centers.
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From page 15... ...
~ "AO Forecaster Functions Conduct hydrometeorological verification activities Lead hydrometeorological collaboration activities with WFO stabs Conduct hydrometeorological technique development and FIGURE 2-4 Unique and overlapping aspects of hydrologic forecaster and HAS forecaster functions in the modernized NWS. Source: NWS (1996a)
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From page 16... ...
They work routinely with others in the RFC to integrate observations and precipitation forecasts into hydrologic models to produce river flow and crest predictions, flash flood guidance, and other products. Hydrologic forecasters use available forecast and modeling tools to predict and update continuous flow conditions at river forecast locations as well as to update flash flood guidance several times daily for use by WFOs in the development of their own local forecast products.
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From page 17... ...
National Centers for Environmental Prediction The NCEP is a network of centers that provide central, national- and regional-level meteorological forecast guidance, near-real-time climatic analysis, model and procedure development, and centralized computer support for the NWS. NCEP centers include: · NCEP Central Operations · Environmental Modeling Center · Hydrometeorological Prediction Center · Marine Prediction Center · Climate Prediction Center · Aviation Weather Center · Storm Prediction Center · Tropical Prediction Center NCEP products are distributed to field forecast offices of the NWS, the U.S.
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From page 18... ...
This is a continual effort on the part of the NWS which is required to ensure the flow of these critical gauge reports from diverse sources to allow calibration of both the precipitation estimates from NEXRAD and the stream-flow forecasts from hydrologic models. Satellite observations also are used in NWS hydrologic and hydrometeorological operations.
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