Premature Death in the New Independent States (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Nutritional Risk Factors in the Former Soviet Union
Nutritional Risk Factors in the Former Soviet Union
Pages 314-334
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From page 314... ...
Consumption was enhanced by the increased supply, combined with large subsidies for the latter products. Moreover, the gross national product of the Soviet Union increased considerably following the OPEC agreement and the increase in the world price of oil, and household income rose accordingly.
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From page 315... ...
Data on current dietary and body composition patterns are based on results from two nationally representative sample surveys the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey and the Kyrgyz Multipurpose Poverty Survey. As is shown, problems of dietary excess and obesity are common among adults even in Kyrgyz, which is one of the poorest of the NIS countries.
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From page 316... ...
Many Russian scholars believe that there were no major shifts in the participation rates in the Family Budget Surveys; however, there is no systematic research that can be cited to this effect. Current Survey Information The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey and the Kyrgyz Multipurpose Poverty Survey are household-based surveys designed to understand systematically the effects of policy reforms on the economic well-being of households and individuals.
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From page 317... ...
For the calculation of macronutrients for the present study, we used a revised nutrient data bank, which includes results of the work of the Russian Research Center for Preventive Medicine on the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey and earlier efforts; the Food Composition Table for Russia developed by the Russian Institute of Nutrition; and the European databases.3 Recipe data collected by this project are being used to develop a computerized recipe system that will ultimately allow complete disaggregation of composite foods into basic foods and food groups. Data on alcohol intake reported here come from a detailed set of questions in the surveys on intake of coffee, tea, and alcohol.
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From page 318... ...
Current Dietary Patterns Russia Table 12-1 shows the structure of adult dietary intake for the Russian Federation, categorized by age, for rounds 1 and 3 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, conducted in August-September 1992 and 1993, respectively. In both time periods, total energy intake (which also includes energy from reported consumption of alcoholic drinks)
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From page 319... ...
319 Cal a' VO Cq be ¢ ·_4 Cq a' by ¢ a' o be a' a' a' o a' C)
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From page 320... ...
July to October 1992 Fortified Vodka and Gender Beer Dry Wine Wine Strong Drinks Male 87.13 9.82 20.59 33.42 Female 27.40 4.53 4.23 7.31 Full sample 69.98 6.81 12.54 21.72 July to September 1993 Gender Beer Dry Wine Fortified Wine Home-Made Vodka and Samogon Strong Drinks Male 241.57 69.50 86.07 71.91 58.82 Female 46.71 19.16 17.24 19.82 13.69 Full sample 176.81 40.10 55.81 59.88 41.60 SOURCE: Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, July-October 1992 and 1993.
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From page 321... ...
Kyrgyz Energy and nutrient intakes of the adult Kyrgyz population are presented in Table 12-3.4 Among all age groups, fat as a proportion of total energy intake hovered at or just above the 30 percent recommended level, and protein intake TABLE 12-3 Dietary Intake Categorized by Age, Kyrgyz, October-November 1993 % of % of % Energy % Energy Age Energy Energy Protein Protein From From Group (kcal) RDA Grams RDA Protein Fat 18-29 2,207 90.7 70 149.5 12.7 29.5 30-39 2,269 91.7 74 148.1 13.0 31.3 40-49 2,146 85.4 72 135.7 13.3 31.5 50-59 2,145 81.8 71 131.8 13.3 30.1 Total adults 2,204 88.9 72 144.4 13.0 30.4 SOURCE: Kyrgyz Multipurpose Poverty Survey, October-November 1993.
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From page 322... ...
Body Composition Patterns Russia Table 12-4 presents the average weight and BMI measures for the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey sample for both 1992 and 1993. There were increases in both measures during this 1-year period, with larger changes occurring among females than males.
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From page 324... ...
13.2 10.9 45.9 13.3 16.7 100.0 SOURCE: Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, July-October 1992 and 1993. Table 12-6 shows the percentage weight changes in Russia between 1992 and 1993.
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From page 325... ...
FIGURE 12-1 Weight distribution for adults aged 18-59. SOURCE: Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, rounds 1 and 3.
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From page 326... ...
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From page 327... ...
Especially high levels of overweight and obesity were observed among women aged 40-59. In this m~ddle-aged group, overweight and obesity were a far greater problem than chronic energy deficiency.
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From page 328... ...
Food expenditure and food supply data provide a comparable picture of food intake trends for this period. The food expenditure data from the Goskomstat consumer budget survey (Table 12-9)
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From page 329... ...
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From page 330... ...
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From page 331... ...
It is not possible to provide an analysis that can link consistent and nationally representative nutritional data from the post-World War II and recent reform periods. The first nationally representative surveys and the first large-scale studies of body composition in the country were the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey and the Kyrgyz Multipurpose Poverty Survey.
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From page 332... ...
In particular, later rounds of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey have collected physical activity data. These data must be examined if we are to understand the extent to which the shift in body composition relates to diet and to declines in physical activity at work and at home.
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From page 333... ...
2. The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey was designed in collaboration with the government body that ran this expenditure survey in an effort to alleviate many of the problems found in all phases of the latter survey.
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From page 334... ...
. This analysis found that dietary intake appeared to be underestimated; however, it is important to note that there was an economic crisis at the time of the survey in Kyrgyz, as close to half of all adults had lost their employment and were receiving no income at the time of the survey.
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