Continuity of NOAA Satellites (1997) / Chapter Skim
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CHAPTER 2: NOAA ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE PROGRAMS
CHAPTER 2: NOAA ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE PROGRAMS
Pages 9-18
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~ This report focuses on elements of the POES and GOES systems that are of high priority in the current modernization of the NWS: · multispectral imaging of the Earth's surface and atmosphere (including inferring the three-dimensional wind field where suitable clouds or water vapor patterns exist) · sounding of the atmosphere to determine the three-dimensional distribution of its temperature and water vapor iMuch of the information in this chapter regarding the history of meteorological satellites through 1988 is based on Rao et al., 1990, published by the American Meteorological Society.
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, assured adequate coverage of tropical storms prior to the launch of the first series of operational weather satellites in 1966. Beginning in the early 1960s, NASA developed the Nimbus polar-orbiting satellite as a test bed for new technology for possible use in the operational satellite program or for the collection of special observations for environmental 2Sun-synchronous orbit is achieved by launching the satellite into a near polar (about 99 degrees)
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flown on Nimbus-3 in 1969 to measure atmospheric temperature and water vapor. Subsequently, the Nimbus series demonstrated smaller, lighter sounders that had higher sensitivity than SIRS and were, therefore, more practical for use in operational spacecraft.
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CAdvanced vidicon camera system with data recorders to obtain cloud pictures globally for central analysis. Automatic picture transmission vidicon camera for local direct readout over the Earth.
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The subsequent operational satellites were funded by NOAA and named by them. eAutomatic picture transmission vidicon camera for local direct readout over the Earth.
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Global Weather Experiment, a major international endeavor to improve weather forecasting. The key sensors included an AVHRR for day and night imaging as well as providing quantitative measurements from which parameters, such as seasurface temperature, can be derived; the HIPS-2, a stratospheric sounding unit (SSU)
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GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM Except over the polar areas of the Earth, where the satellite orbits converge, each polar-orbiting NOAA satellite observes a given point on the Earth's surface and the atmosphere above it only twice a day. However, for rapidly changing severe storms (such as hurricanes and storms that produce flash floods, tornadoes, or hail)
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16 ~ ~of ~ / D , ~ - 'a - /63 ................................................
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fvisible infrared spin scan radiometer, for day and night imaging. gGeostationary operational environmental satellite data collection system hWeather facsimile (for relay of weather maps and satellite images)
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The single remaining GOES spacecraft was moved to 98 degrees west longitude during the summer-fall period to enhance coverage of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean. In the winter it was moved to 108 degrees west longitude to optimize coverage of storms over the Pacific Ocean.
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