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From page 121... ... Ralph Cleland ma(le a major contribution to the solution of this long-puzzling problem through his discovery of chromosomal ring formation at meiosis and the subsequent proof that it is the physical basis of the atypical breeding behavior of Oenothera. Ralph Erskine Cleland was born in LeCIaire, Iowa on October 20, IS92, the first chilct of Charles Samuel and Edith Collins ClelancI. Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... history as a minor, but he also took several courses in botany. During his unclergraduate years Ralph engaged in a number of extra-curricular affairs, including participation in plays, debating, sports, the editorial board of the yearbook, ant! Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... turned the problem over to Cleland. Cleland chose Oenothera franciscana, a strain that happened to be at hand, for determining the best methods of fixation and staining. Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... 124 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS genetic behavior of Oenothera, a problem that had remained largely unsolved since it first came to light as a result of studies of the genus by Hugo cleVries at the turn of the century. Hugo (leVries, a Dutch plant physiologist, initiated studies of variation in Oenothera in T885, hoping to attack problems of evolution through an experimental approach. Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... The paper on Oenothera franciscana floes not place emphasis on the discovery of chromosomal ring formation; more attention is focused on the evidence for the purity of Oenothera franciscana ant! the general importance of species purity for the Oenothera problem. Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... Here was rigorous proof of the correlation between gene and chromosome behavior. While the breeding behavior of Oenothera could now be understood in terms of its unique chromosomal mechanism, questions regarding the nature anti distribution of the chromosomes still needed! Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... interchanged segments, would exhibit a circle of four chromosomes as a result of their pairing requirements. The concept of segmental interchange! Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... 128 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS A study of collections from natural populations throughout California initiates! this new direction of Cleland's work, which was to become the main thrust of his research for the remainder of his career. Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... He served as president of the Genetics Society, The Botanical Society of America, the American Society of Naturalists, ant] the Indiana Academy of Science. Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... 130 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS year. His consistently significant research output was uncloubtecIly the result, not only of long hours, but of a persistence and steady application to the task at hand. Read the entire page →
From page 131... ... RALPH ERSKINE CLELAND 131 hoi, he nevertheless held their respect anct admiration. Ralph and Elizabeth Cleland lived without ostentation. Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Member, Botanical Society of America (President, 1947) Member, Genetics Society of America (Vice-President, 1955; President, 1956) Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... RALPH ERSKINE CLELAND 133 Member, Society for Study of Evolution Member, International Society for Cell Biology Member, American Philosophical Society Member, National Academy of Sciences Honorary Foreign Member, Genetics Society of Japan Honorary Life Member, Botanical Society of Korea Corresponding Member, Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft Organizing Committee, Member of Governing Board, and first Chairman (1948-1949) , American Institute of Biological fir ~clences Chairman, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council, 1948-1951 Chairman or Member of many NRC committees, including: UNESCO Committee; Maize Committee;. Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... Nat., 57:562-66. 1924 Meiosis in pollen mother cells of Oenothera franciscana sulfurea. Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... Segmental interchange, the basis of chromosomal attachments in Oenothera. Cytologia, 2: 175-233. Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... Soc., 76:240-50. Peculiarities of chromosome and breeding behavior in the evening primrose. Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... RALPH ERSKINE CLELAND 1946 137 With M Newcomb. Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... 138 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1955 In union there is strength. Hanover Forum, 1:26 47. Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... RALPH ERSKINE CLELAND 1961 139 Otto Renner ~ 1 883- 1 96 1 ) Read the entire page →

From page 121...

... Ralph Cleland ma(le a major contribution to the solution of this long-puzzling problem through his discovery of chromosomal ring formation at meiosis and the subsequent proof that it is the physical basis of the atypical breeding behavior of Oenothera. Ralph Erskine Cleland was born in LeCIaire, Iowa on October 20, IS92, the first chilct of Charles Samuel and Edith Collins ClelancI.