Biographical Memoirs Volume 53 (1982) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 212-247
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his father John Heysham Gibbon, a distinguished, nationally recognized surgeon and professor of surgery at the Jefferson Medical College. His family background is of unusual interest and was uncloubtedly of considerable im· portance 1n 11S career.
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214 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS second] son, Robert, became a practicing physician, as clic!
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Jack's father, John Gibbon, Sr., was born in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1871. Following his education in preparatory schools, he attenclecT the Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated in IS91.
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216 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS sister to Dresden for a year of study. Full of wit, affection, anc!
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Towards the ens! of his first year in the Jefferson Medical College, Jack consiclered quitting, thinking that something else, perhaps writing, might prove more to his taste.
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Flick, surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital, concerning the possibility of a career that would ultimately combine research ant! surgery.
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His preceptor suggested that his first research effort be a study of the relationship between pulmonary artery pressure and Hood flow in experimentally procluced pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Stimulatect by this project, he proceeded to undertake a number of other investigations that dealt with pulmonary circulation and cardiac function.
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The idea of developing an apparatus for cardiopulmonary bypass remained continuously and vividly in the back of his mincl. When he asked Churchill for another year's opportunity to work with him, he was not only awarcled a fellowship, but was told that Maly might have a position as his technical assistant.
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The initial arterial inflow was through the femoral artery and the venous outflow from a superior vena caval catheter introduced through a jugular vein. Exclusion of cardiac function was achieved by pulmonary artery occlusion.
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Upon Jack's return to Philadelphia after his military service, he was given an appointment as assistant professor of surgery at Pennsylvania; shortly thereafter, early in 1946, he became director of surgical research at the Jefferson Medical *
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Though the development of the heart-lung machine constituted his long-term primary interest and was his greatest scientific contribution, he and his colleagues worked upon a variety of other experimental laboratory and clinical problems, and his list of publications is truly a significant one. It includes basic physiological and biochemical studies that assisted considerably in better understanding of cardiac function, pulmonary ventilation, acid-base balance, anesthesia in thoracic procedures, carcinoma of the lung, and other esophageal and pulmonary problems.
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Tt was also in character that he should have welcomed the various modifications, soon forthcoming, of his extracorporeal device. Though the principal benefit of the apparatus for extracorporeal circulation and respiration was its unbelievably great extension of our capabilities to clear with hitherto incurable cardiac lesions, it is quite evident that it has had an enormous influence over ant!
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It has certainly been one of the stimulating influences for the study of the total circulation anct its component parts, the distribution of blood flow uncler varying circumstances, the perfusion of organs and tissues, the factors that are related to metabolic and respiratory acidosis, ventricular function, bleecting and clotting abnormalities, disturbances of water anal electrolyte balance, and renal function. It has played an important role in instigating further efforts to unclerstand the effects of body and cardiac hypothermia, arrhythmias of the heart, and new anct better ways of bringing about cardiac resuscitation, of clearing with heart block and other arrhythmias, and of supporting the inaclequately functioning ventricle.
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He served loyally with all kinds of local, national, and international professional organizations: the Boars! of Health of the City of Philadelphia, the Surgery Study Section of the United States Public Health Service, the Subcommittee of the Carcliovascular System of the National Research Council, the Committee of the International Exchange of Persons, the Subcommittee on the Cardiovascular System of the American Heart Association, ancT the Board of Scientific Counselors of
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Honorary degrees came to him from the University of Buffalo, Princeton University, the University of PennsyIvania, Dickinson College, Jefferson Medical College, and Duke University. He was a visiting professor in a number of universities and clelivered many named lectureships.
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Joseph's College Medical Alumni; the Rudolph Matas Award in Vascular Surgery of Tulane University; the Distinguished Service Award of the Pennsylvania Medical Society; the Strittmatter Award of the Philadelphia County Medical Society; the Philaclelphia Award; the Dixon Prize in Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania; and the Gairciner Foundation International Award of the University of Toronto. A special annual lectureship in his name was created by the American College of Surgeons.
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Following an afternoon scientific program, cocktails and dinner, and the bestowal of the portrait, remarks concerning what lack Gibbon had meant to them were made by three of his close friends and colleagues. One was Clarence Dennis, an early worker in the field of mechanical heart-lung devices, another was ~ack's long-time intimate companion, Professor Clarence Crafoorct, head of the Thoracic Surgical Service at the Karolinska.
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We remember him as a soldier who made the longjourney home from the Southwest Pacific on a stretcher, uncomplaining, and the stimulation he brought to the Mayo General Hospital as chief of the Surgical Service. We preserve him in our memories as a sympathetic, understancling father and adoring husband who always wanted his wife to occupy the center spot, who was most proud of her early and long-continue(1 collaboration in the heart-lung project, whose relationship with her reflected the admiration, companionship, and deep love he felt for her.
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JOHN HEYSHAM GIBBON, JR. 23 time, in long, stimulating conversations, always warm and intimate.
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232 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS and who wrote for my use a most intriguing history of the family with special reference to grandparents, parents, and Tack as a child, an older boy, and an adult. Finally, I wish to thank my wife, Myrtie, affectionately, for her untiring and helpful advice during the preparation of the manuscript.
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1945 Lieutenant Colonel, A.U.S. 1945 Mayo General Hospital, Chief of Surgical Service HOSPITAL AND UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS 233 1927- 1929 Intern, Pennsylvania Hospital 1930- 1931 Research Fellow in Surgery, Harvard Medical School 1931 - 1932 Fellow in Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 1931 - 1937 Assistant Surgeon, Pennsylvania Hospital 1933 - 1934 Research Fellow in Surgery, Harvard Medical School 1936- 1942 Assistant Surgeon, Bryn Mawr Hospital 1936- 1942 Harrison Fellow of Surgical Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 1937- 1950 Surgeon, Pennsylvania Hospital 1945- 1946 Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania 1946-1956 Professor of Surgery and Director of Surgical Re search, Jefferson Medical College a 1946- 1956 Attending Surgeon, Jefferson Medical College Hospital 1950- 1967 Consulting Surgeon, Pennsylvania Hospital 1950- 1967 Consultant in General Surgery, Veterans Ad ministration Hospital, Philadelphia
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Gross Professor of Surgery, Emeritus, ~ef ferson Medical College and Hospital VISITING PROFESSORSHIPS AND LECTURESHIPS George A Ball Visiting Professor of Surgery, Indiana University, 1956 Taub Visiting Professor of Surgery, Baylor University, 1959 Visiting Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 1960 Barney Brooks Visiting Professor of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, 1967 Churchill Lecture, Excelsior Surgical Society, 1956 Harvey Lecture, New York Academy of Medicine, 1958 Conner Memorial Lecture, American Heart Association, 1958 Alvarenga Prize and Lectureship, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 1962 Arthur Dean Bevan Lecture, Chicago Surgical Society, 1962 LEARNED SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS American Association of Arts and Sciences American Association for Artificial Internal Organs American Association for Thoracic Surgery (President, 19601961; Council, 1949- 1954; Representative to American Cancer Society, Advisory Committee on Lung Cancer Case Finding, 1954)
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Aitken Meigs Medical Society Lacnnec Society of Philadelphia, President Pennsylvania Association for Thoracic Surgery (President, 19631964) Pennsylvania Heart Association (State Research Committee, 1966)
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Joseph's College Medical Alumni 1958 Rudolph Matas Award in Vascular Surgery, Tulane University 1959 Distinguished Service Award, International Society of Surgery Strittmatter Award, Philadelphia County Medical Society 1963 1964 The Philadelphia Award 1965 1966 1968 1972 Research Achievement Award, American Heart Association Roswell Park Medal Albert Lasker Clinical Research Award Dixon Prize in Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Effects of alternate suction and pressure on blood flow to the lower extremities.
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Churchill. The physiology of massive pulmonary embolism; experimental study of the changes produced by obstruction to the flow of blood through the pulmonary artery and its lobar branches.
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1949 With John Y Templeton III.
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Allbritten, fir., and John Y Templeton III.
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Templeton III. Symposium on safeguards in surgical diagnosis; the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Allbritten, Jr., John Y Templeton III, Robert K
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With John Y Templeton III and Thomas F
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Maintenance of cardiorespiratory functions by extracorporeal circulation (The Lewis A Conner Memorial Lecture)
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Recent advances in surgical research and their clinical applications; the physiological effects of pulmonary ventilation during operations under general anesthesia.
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Scicchitano, and Robert Trotta. Blood flow through the superior mesenteric artery during retrograde aortic perfusion.
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The development of the heart-lung apparatus.
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