Aspects of Weather and Space Weather in the Earth's Upper Atmosphere The Role of Internal Atmospheric Waves (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Some Theory Dealing with Internal Waves
Some Theory Dealing with Internal Waves
Pages 7-14
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From page 7... ...
Man-made "Krakatau's," called nuclear explosions, were found to create worldwide wave packets, as did large earthquakes. Once, by pure chance, a wave launched by a major earthquake in the Kodiak Island region was captured by the current workhorse of upper atmospheric research, an incoherent scatter radar located in the Fairbanks area of Alaska (Kelley, 1985; see Figure 5~.
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From page 8... ...
Copyright 1957 by Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd. Since all wave phenomena involve oscillatory behavior, it is illustrative to study a simple oscillation of the atmosphere before studying its wavelike behavior.
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From page 9... ...
The Brunt-Vaisalla period for the Earth's atmosphere varies as a function of height and solar cycle conditions, ranging from a few minutes to about 15 minutes (see Figure 8~. Such a purely vertical oscillation does not propagate and corresponds to what would happen directly above a volcanic eruption as hot gases push upward on the ambient atmosphere.
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From page 10... ...
The first four equations correspond, respectively, to the principles of momentum, energy, and mass conservation. Hines searched for solutions corresponding to a young physicist's best friend: a plane wave solution.
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2. Another curious property of these waves is that as the energy propagates upward, the crests and troughs of the waves move downward (see Figure 9~.
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Image reproduced courtesy of Charles Harrington/Cornell University Photography from the NAIC 1997 Summer Student Program Announcement. The Arecibo Observatory is part of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, which is operated by Cornell University under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.
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From page 13... ...
Thus, just about the time satellites were getting into space, so was remote sensing. With Arecibo, we could look through the ionospheric looking glass deep into space itself.
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~ _ _ v ~1 -I O 0 ~ 20 22 24 26 28 Time (LT) Cal -4 : FIGURE 13 Sudden intense layers of meteoric atoms sometimes appear out of "nowhere" and can be illuminated by lasers from the ground.
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