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Technical Assessment of the Man-in-Simulant Test Program (1997) / Chapter Skim
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3 Simulant Selection
Pages 30-36

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From page 30...
... In an attempt to account for both clermal penetration anct inhalation, FinTanct anct the United States now monitor chlorophenols in urine for setting air standards for workers exposed to chlorinatecl compouncls. The importance of clermal exposure has also been shown in the treatment of wood (Fenske et al., 1987; Kauppinen and Linclross, 19851.
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From page 31...
... resulting in 220,000 cleaths. (According to the WHO, acute poisonings, including suicide attempts, mass poisonings from contaminated food, chemical accidents in industry, anct occupational exposure in agriculture constitute the most serious health hazards from agricultural pesticicles)
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From page 32...
... For example, in a 1990 test evaluating vapor protection capabilities of the jacket anct trouser interface of a chemical protective ensemble, the mean vapor level measured in the abclominal area was 17 percent of the outside level. This clemonstratect that a significant amount of vapor infiltratect the CPE through the interfaces anct could pose a threat to the wearer (Scott anct Pointer, 19901.
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From page 33...
... A gas can also move through closures, seams, anct imperfections in protective clothing. Component level tests of fabric swatches showed that penetration by chemical agents anct MeS occurrect only after three or four clays of exposure (Dug~vay Proving Ground, 19941.
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From page 34...
... Some similarities between the physical anct chemical characteristics of MeS anct other agents suggest that MeS may also be an appropriate surrogate for organophosphates. However, the significant difference in vapor pressure between MeS anct nerve agents suggests that MeS would not be as good a simulant for nerve agents (see Table 3-11.
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From page 35...
... FINAL CHOICE OF A SIMULANT FOR MIST The Army's choice of MeS as a simulant was basect on the following information: · Tests for MeS anct HD have been concluctect with protective suit fabrics. Penetration curves indicate that MeS penetrates fabrics about 30 percent slower than HD, but the differences in penetration rates are not as significant as they first appear because the amount of vapor that penetrates incomplete closures or tears far exceeds the amount of vapor that penetrates intact fabric (Hanzelka et al., 19961.
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From page 36...
... MeS can provide a relative ranking of the vapor protection of various CPEs. However, comparative skin penetration rates for MeS anct chemical agents, which would be required to relate MIST ciata to physiological endpoints, cannot be cleterminect.
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Key Terms

  • chemical agents
  • dermal penetration
  • skin penetration
  • similar physical
  • penetration curves

  • protective ensembles
  • proving ground
  • protective clothing
  • chemical agent
  • chemical protective

  • test subjects
  • percent slower
  • chemical characteristics
  • vapor pressure
  • methyl salicylate

  • appropriate surrogate
  • mes penetrates
  • dermal exposure
  • penetration rates
  • blister formulations

  • chemical accidents
  • skin contamination
  • skin hydration
  • outside level
  • breakthrough levels

  • plotting penetration
  • desert shield
  • acutely toxic
  • health hazards
  • suicide attempts


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