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Technical Assessment of the Man-in-Simulant Test Program (1997) / Chapter Skim
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5 Assumptions and Limitations
Pages 49-55

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From page 49...
... The committee's analysis of the test protocol raised the following questions. The basic measurements of MIST/BRHA are protection factors for test suits for various anatomical sites against a 12,000 mg/m3-min (concentration x time trot]
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From page 50...
... , approximately 75 percent of the TABLE 5-1 Regional Variations in Human Skin Permeability as a Function of Test Substance Relative Permeability Anatomic Site Benzoic Hydrocortisone Parathion Malathion Acid Forearm (ventral) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Forearm (dorsal)
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From page 51...
... HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS The committee has two concerns about human factors associated with the test operations procedure for the MIST that should be acictressect. The first clears with the closures of the protective garments
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From page 52...
... However, a complete, reliable interpretation of test results requires knowing the degree to which the closures remain closed cluring the test. The closures couict be checkoct by the test supervisors at the enct of the 120-minute exposure period when they check the positions of the passive samplers.
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From page 53...
... These diagnostic tests are based on the presence in human red blood cell membranes of readily measurable levels of acety~cholinesterase activity, as well as the presence in plasma of a related enzyme known as pseudocholinesterase. However, in recent years a debate has developed about the usefulness of blood cholinesterase activity as a biological marker to predict neurotoxic effects.
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From page 54...
... The BRHA, combined with the MIST, simply weights the mass of simulant collectect at a particular anatomic site by the surface area of a given skin region anct the estimated regional variation in human skin permeability to chemical agent vapor. The results of the MIST/BRHA are still based on protection factors and require knowleclge of the regional variations in skin penetration by the agent vapor.
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From page 55...
... will probably require cleveloping a simulant for each chemical agent of concern because VX, mustard, and soman, for example, have different physical properties. Passive detectors may neect to be moctifiect or abanclonect altogether because no artificial membrane has yet been shown to simulate the ctifferential permeability of the skin anct its response to changing temperatures anct humidity.
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Key Terms

  • regional variations
  • blood cell
  • red blood
  • blood cholinesterase
  • test suits

  • regional variation
  • chemical agent
  • biological marker
  • skin permeability
  • cholinesterase activity

  • agent vapor
  • enzyme activity
  • physical exercise
  • percent depression
  • cell cholinesterase

  • human skin
  • vapor exposures
  • anatomic sites
  • diagnostic tests
  • percent decrease

  • vapor penetration
  • biological markers
  • protection factors
  • exercise routine
  • target organ

  • skin penetration
  • carbon monoxide
  • mustard vapor
  • cholinesterase levels
  • skin toxicity


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