Orphans and Incentives Developing Technology to Address Emerging Infections (1997) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix A
Appendix A
Pages 47-59
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 47... ...
* This section contains thumbnail reports presented at the workshop on agency activities in emerging infectious diseases.
|
From page 48... ...
· Organization and implementation of three sentinel networks: a physician network in collaboration with the Infectious Disease Society of America; one with the International Society of Travel Medicine; and one with a network of l l academically based emergency departments in the United States, each focused on diseases and syndromes identified in their particular environment. Collaborations The CISET report represents collaborative thinking by 17 different federal agencies about how to work more effectively, together and with the private sector, toward implementing the CISET plan without duplicating efforts.
|
From page 49... ...
· The Public Health Service Act authorizes CDC to be involved internationally in epidemics and other unspecified high-priority situations. The agency, with the support of the Secretary of Health, has been trying to influence legislation that would provide a clearer international mandate, permit earlier involvement in crisis situations, and allow specific appropriations for international work, particularly as related to infectious diseases with a potential impact on the United States and to "bioterrorism." · Aging, overcrowding, compromised security and safety, and general deterioration of the federal, state, and local public health laboratories.
|
From page 50... ...
to target common mechanisms of pathogenesis and functions or structures shared by groups of pathogens, or to modulate human biological response to pathogens; also interest in mucosal defense and countermeasures against toxins and mid-spectrum agents. Implementation · Broad agency announcements, with committed funding, in program areas; current solicitations, until September 1997, in pathogen countermeasures and advanced diagnostics.
|
From page 51... ...
DARPA has traditionally worked closely with other agencies and industry in microelectronics, materials science, and other high-tech areas. The agency hopes that its approach to targeting potential threats and focusing on mechanisms of pathogenesis or underlying mechanisms of disease will offer opportunities for commercialization and seeks to work closely with other agencies and the industrial community to help in transition of these products to commercial use.
|
From page 52... ...
· Support for special programs in areas such as clinical trials and international research. · Allocation by NIH director of $3 million of own FY97 reserve to establish emerging diseases research networks that encourage interactions and collaborations among investigators working on related research issues, and to expand international research on emerging and reemerging diseases, including opportunities for young U.S.
|
From page 53... ...
· Diseases being addressed through various funding mechanisms available to NIAID include arboviral diseases, aspergillosis, cholera, ehrlichiosis, emerging viral infections, hantavirus, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C, Lyme disease, measles, mycoses, plague, respiratory pathogens, STDs, streptococcal infections, and TB. Collaborations · Under U.S.-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, organized international conferences (1996, 1997)
|
From page 54... ...
As part of implementation of the NSTC/CISET Report on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, State is working with CDC and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy to develop methods to bring the private and public sectors together to address the problem of supply shortages and strategies for quick response to emergency situations. Three CISET task force committees have been created to implement collaborative effort on setting up a global surveillance network: 1.
|
From page 55... ...
At the 1997 G-7 summit, State will work to reinforce those commitments so as to translate them into provision of technical and financial resources. Collaborations State has international partnerships with the European Union under the new Transatlantic Agreement, whose agenda includes a focus on collaboration to contain infectious diseases.
|
From page 56... ...
An annual census of all VA facilities has collected yearly data on specific diseases and provides good and fairly complete retrospective data. The cumbersome data-entry requirements for this census have motivated system improvements and further, dramatic improvements are expected as a consequence ofthe agency's new Emerging Pathogens Initiative.
|
From page 57... ...
Budget Allocations No data. Future Challenges/Concerns/Issues · Problems of inconsistency of reporting data at the state level, at least partly owing to the Privacy Act and public laws related to patient privacy required by the agency's oversight group, the U.S.
|
From page 58... ...
With the Rockefeller Foundation, the Bank is working to promote public-/ private-sector collaboration in health product development for low-income countries. The first step was to survey high-level representatives from the pharmaceutical industry to determine what industry is and is not doing regarding infectious diseases, and to identify barriers to private-sector involvement.
|
From page 59... ...
At such time as a given industry expresses genuine interest, the Bank will embark on a preliminary design stage focused on two to three products to which value can be added, and/or provide support for products approaching testing in particular markets. · The main issues emerging from the Bank's pharmaceutical industry survey were: Lack of adequate information on research under way in universities, research councils, and biotechnology companies worldwide; for example, on receptors, enzymes, and compounds industry could screen to generate more product leads.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.