NOAA's Arctic Research Initiative Proceedings of a Workshop (1997) / Chapter Skim
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3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Pages 125-177
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3 Background Information 125
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NOAA ant! Arctic Contaminants Research, Alan Thomas, OAR NOAA's rote and potential The Arctic Research Initiative .
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Break Other Perspectives Bernard Hallet, moderator Bob Senseney, Department of State Garry Brass, Arctic Research Commission Ted DeLaca, University of Ataska-Fairbanks Other participants Discussion Key Research Issues (brainstorming) Waiter Oechel, moderator natural variability of the western Arctic ecosystem anthropogenic influences on the western Arctic ecosystem - contaminant sources, transport and dispersion, effects on humans and ecosystems arctic haze, ozone, UV flux Charge to the Small Groups Working Lunch (buffet, take food to break-out rooms.
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. explore the range of Arctic contaminants research being conducted under the auspices of current NOAA programs and how such research can contribute to NOAA's mission and goals; discuss other contaminant-related research activities such as the August 1996 workshop and the priorities developed there as well as the recently released report of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program and plans for AMAP phase two, and how the Arctic Research Initiative might build on and contribute to other federal and international activities; suggest key research areas and research questions to better understand natural variability and anthropogenic influences, with emphasis on contaminant sources, transport and dispersion, effects and arctic haze, ozone, and UV flux; and discuss the relative strengths of NOM's research capabilities and partnerships and suggest how NOAA should orient its Arctic Research Initiative in the future.
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713-2313 suzanne.bolton@noaa.gov Carry Brass Arctic Research Commission 4350 North Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 (703)
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Edward Myers NOM/OARJNational Undersea Research Program 11872, SSMC-3 1315 East West Hwy. Silver Spring, MD 20910 (301 ~ 713-2427 ext.171 fax (301)
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Room 14564 1315 East West Hwy. Silver Spring,MD 20910 teri.rowles@noaa.gov Bob Senseney U.S.
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The Arctic Research Initiative includes five major sub-topics: - Natural variability of the Western Arctic/Bering Sea ecosystem I The Bering Sea Green Belt: processes and ecosystem production.
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Arctic Haze: Assess the meaning of the long-term trends, for example downward trends as observed at Barrow through the following: 1. Establish a climatology and chemical fingerprinting of aerosols in the Western Arctic.
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An overall objective of the Arctic Research Initiative is to provide opportunities for arctic residents to participate in the evaluation and dissemination of research results. Refurn to Announcement page.
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The Bering Sea region is of great international interest and attention since it is one of the largest remaining fisheries in the world, heavily utilized by many nations. While the Arctic Research Initiative focuses on the Bering Sea, the surrounding regions of the Western Arctic, which are connected to the Bering Sea through various processes and interactions, are also targets of this initiative.
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in Fairbanks to determine a programmatic thrust within the NOAA Arctic Research Initiative Participants at the workshop included representative from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, State of Alaska, and NOAA OAR (ERL, Sea Grant, and NURP) , NMliS' NOS' and NWS This Research initiative focuses on two major scientific themes and five subproject areas: · Natural Vanabili~ of Be Bering Sea/Western Arctic Ecosystem (1)
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, NOAA support of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) , CIFAR planning of this Arctic Research Initiative, and administrative expenses
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The NOAA Arctic Research Initiative (ARI) focuses on research in natural variability of and anthropogenic influences ofthe Western Arctic/Bering Sea ecosystem, including the importance of fisheries and marine mammals, the presence of coastal communities, the cultural and economic value of this area, and the need to address issues of sustainable use of resources.
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. The following pages summarize NOAA/ETE activities that relate to Arctic haze, ozone, and contaminant inputs to the Western Arcdc/Benng Sea ecosystem.
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Cloud processing of aerosol through heterogeneous chemistry and impacts on the optical properties of these clouds in subsequent cloud cycles. T i`1nr Mea.sl~rements of Ozone, Pola.r st~tn~phe~c Aerosol anr1 Volcanic Ash NOAA/ETE has also developed lidar capabilities that pertain to the study of stratospheric ozone and its controlling factors.
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The NOAA/ETE focus will be on Arctic haze and the transfer of contaminants from the atmosphere into the Western Arctic/Bering Sea. NOAA/ART activates can also be leveraged off the existing Implementing Arrangement between NOAA/ETE, MPT/CRL and GI/UAF to entrain powerful University and Japanese research partners for Arctic research issues.
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What Can ARL Contribute to Arctic Research? Measurements: The ARL W monitoring network in the continental U.S.
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in the Siberian Arctic. Unique aspects of ATDD's Arctic research include: (~)
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. NOAA ATDD Aircraft operations will consist of low and mid-altitude flights with flux, remote sensing and video equipment in box grid patterns over approximately 400 square km of sea ice around the ship.
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research would primarily be focused with the "Arctic haze, ozone, and W flux" category of the Arctic Research Initiative. The next ten years are a vulnerable time for the Arctic ozone layer.
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As part of the NOAA Arctic Research Initiative, the University of Alaska and PMEL conducted the first major reconnaissance of the accompanying velocity, salinity and temperature fields. This data, along with satellite measurements of ocean color and sea-surface height, will elucidate mechanisms for the prolonged production.
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The NOAA Arctic Research Initiative is pursuing the causality of such connections, which also provides a background for interpreting contaminant effects.
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-~ L~` ~'\ i\ it ~/~ ~ - - - ~q, ~ CHANGE IN MEAN JANUARY-FEBRUARY SEA LEVEL PRESSURE FOR THE YEARS (1989-1996)
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NOAA ARCTIC RESEARCH INITIATIVE: The NOAA/C is collaborating with University of Alaska investigators (through CIFAR) in three FYI997 research programs: (I)
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(iii) CLIMATE CHANGE rN THE WESTERN ARCTIC: In recent decades, the climate of the western Arctic has changed.
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Particular emphasis was placed in collecting animals or tissues from animals that are used for subsistence, such as anadromous and marine fish, marine mammals, seabirds, and caribou. The samples were analyzed for a variety of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ray emitting radionuclides that are long-lived and known to have environmental significance.
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Our previous proposals for such a study, which have also included measurements in sediment and biota, have not been successful primarily due to institutional constraints. However, this remains an important research element without which the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic ecosystem cannot be adequately explained.
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, This session, The above summary is for the NOAA, National Ocean Service activities that directly pertain to the study of environmental contaminants in the Arctic. It does not specifically include capabilities dealing with sea ice analyses and forecasting, data and imagery from high resolution remote sensing, and results of the United States Interagency Arctic Buoy Program that provide useful information on the meteorolgical conditions and patterns of contaminant transport as mediated by sea ice.
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NMFS programs which are directly related to Arctic contaminants include the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, programs in the Northwest Fisheries Science Center-Environmental Conservation Division, the National Marine Analytical Quality Assurance Program' and programs in the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. These programs contribute to NMFS stewardship role for living marine resources through two of its major efforts, recovering protected species and sustaining healthy living marine resource habitat.
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The ECD is the lead NMFS lab in the National Marine Analytical Quality Assurance Program and the ~HSRP. Because chemical pollution can affect the health and survival of EMRs as well as contaminate fisheries products, its potential impacts are of grouting concern for NMFS.
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Additionally, studies to understand primary production and the links to lower trophic levels and food chains are important to contaminant and arctic atmospheric research. The National Marine Mammal Laboratory of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center has two programs which are related to the issues of contaminants and their impacts on populations.
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That EPA/ONR workshop was a broad look at Arctic contaminants, including the full range of problems and looking at the research being done by many agencies, and it attempted to suggest national research priorities. This effort was considered a good starting point from which to proceed for the July 1 1 workshop on NOAA's Arctic Research Initiative (i.e., can we take the priorities suggested in 1 996 and identify those best suited for NOAA's Arctic Research Initiative?
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D.S. Arctic Contaminant Research Planning Workshop To understand, assess, integrate, and identity critical reseorr~ toot significantly reduces uncertainity in future Oaf assessment ~ ~4~ ~AGENDA ~ ~ ~ PAR ~Wodgewood Resort, Fair~nlcs, Al~ko ad am <, _ ~The Boa-Boom $~ ; August 1 O- 1 3 ~t PRIME Salure~qp, August 1 O
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. Day 2 US Arctic Planning Workshop Agenda Moaner, August 12, ~ 996 9:00 am Opening & Announcements Session 4 9:1 ~ 1 0:00 1 0:30 Break :00 1 2:00 Lunch Senior 1:00 pm :30 3:00 Break Solution 6 Trace Metals Presentation Queshons/Moderated Discussion · Problem Formulation · Current Level of Knowledge · Data Gaps in Assessment · Assess Risk Assessment Issues · Other Related Issues · Critical Research Needed to Reduce Uncertainity Discussion continued Organics Presentation Questons/Moderated Discussion · Problem Formulation · Current Level of Knowledge · Data Gaps in Assessment · Assess Risk Assessment Issues · Other Related Issues · Critical Research Needed to Reduce Uncertainty 3:30 UVB Presentation 4:15 Questions/ModeQted Discussion · Problem Formulation · Current Level of Knowledge · Data Gaps in Assessment · Assess Risk Assessment Issues · Other Related Issues · Critical Research Needed to Reduce Uncertainty 5:15 Open Forum/Announcemenu 5:45 pm Adjourn Dr.
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2:30 Develop and Review All participant Critical Research Needs ·Additions · Modifications 4:00 Open ForumIAnnounc~ments 4:15 pm Adjourn
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se~ments'nvers, sea Ice, coasts currents, =d biological vectors) on exposure.
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Routes and pathways of exposure to X top-level carnivores. 7 Effects of salinity on PAH concentration and transport (sea ice forrnai~on and X melting)
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e.~.. transport by sea ice.
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: aci~non- X acid turidra deposinon; deposition of arctic haze; fat-out to open water (effects on surface layer productivity)
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Many other counmes have developed different techniques. 2 Transport: Consider the entire transport system (incluclin~, atmospheric X X deposition, sediments, rivers, sea ice, coastal currents, and biological vectors)
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