Dredging Coastal Ports An Assessment of the Issues (1985) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3. Overview of Dredging Issues
3. Overview of Dredging Issues
Pages 13-25
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 13... ...
economy vis a vis the world economy, and the changing character of commercial shipping into and out of the nation's ports. The second development was the unraveling of a social contract that had evolved over 150 years between the federal government and the ports concerning how both maintenance and new construction dredging would be funded, managed, and regulated.
|
From page 14... ...
Construction dredging normally involves creating new navigational facilities or the improvement of those that exist by underwater excavation. Maintenance dredging involves the removal of materials as necessary to keep facilities at the originally constructed depths and widths.
|
From page 15... ...
Specifically, it is necessary to understand the role of ports in the broader world economy and transportation system to assess whether additional capacity is needed, and if needed, whether there are alternative ways of meeting the nation's port requirements that are more attractive than dredging. Proponents and opponents of port dredging and the alternatives to dredging range across a broad spectrum.
|
From page 16... ...
United States sales of industrial machinery also declined by one-third; sales of agricultural machines by 45 percent; telecommunications machinery by 50 percent; metalworking machinery by 55 percent." In the period immediately following World War II when the industrial capacity of Europe and Japan was being rebuilt, the United States experienced an export boom and supplied some 60 percent of the world's manufactured goods. As Europe and Japan regained industrial capacity, trade between the United States and these other areas of the world moved into relative balance.
|
From page 17... ...
ports. In the 1960s, as industrial capacity recovered elsewhere, world trade grew rapidly.
|
From page 18... ...
With large, readily available coal reserves, the United States experienced a surge in demand for its steam coal in 1980. That demand was triggered by a combination of the Iranian oil disruption and unstable conditions in other major coal exporting nations.
|
From page 19... ...
. aCoal, grain, bauxite/alumina, iron ore, rock phosphate SOURCE: Maritime Transport Committee, 1981.
|
From page 20... ...
The changing relationship of the U.S. to the world economy and the changing character of the world's commercial fleet make confident projections of future shipping patterns extremely difficult.
|
From page 21... ...
This year-to-year funding is in contrast to the more typical full-funding approach, which characterizes major construction projects carried out by most other federal executive agencies. Under the full-funding approach Congress includes the entire cost for multiyear projects in a single annual budget.
|
From page 22... ...
In the case of port construction projects, the Corps was assigned responsibility for assessing the environmental consequences of port projects and assuring through a complex approval process that environmental concerns would be an integral part of the decisions made. As a part of this development, local citizens groups and a variety of state and federal agencies with environmental responsibilities became active participants in the decision making associated with port construction.
|
From page 23... ...
In the face of changing attitudes toward federal public works projects, a growing federal deficit, and broadly based public concern about environmental values, the system for making decisions about port construction that had evolved incrementally over the history of the American Republic was becalmed. Given the belief that additional port capacity is essential to the economic well-being of the United States and at the same time opposing additional large public expenditures, the Reagan Administration early in its first term sought to break the logjam on ports by proposing establishment of a port user fee.
|
From page 24... ...
In Chapter 5, the report investigates the relative attractiveness of additional dredging in existing ports versus a variety of other ways of handling large-volume ships. Chapter 6 considers the various proposed approaches to funding federal projects and their implications for the over-all port construction and maintenance system.
|
From page 25... ...
. Maritime Transport Committee (1982)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.