Assessing Readiness in Military Women The Relationship of Body, Composition, Nutrition, and Health (1998) / Chapter Skim
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7 Conclusions and Recommendations
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 157-170
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From page 157... ...
Recommendations for future research are provided following the responses to the questions. What body composition standards best serve military women's health and fitness, with respect to minimum lean bocly mass, maximum body fat, and site specificity of fat deposition?
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From page 158... ...
Thus, the current body composition assessment procedures may select against retention of those who may be most capable of performing the tasks necessary for military operations while selecting in favor of those who fit an appearance standard. Recommendations · The BCNH committee recommends the revision of the two-tiered body composition and fitness screen to that presented in Figure 7-1.
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From page 159... ...
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From page 160... ...
More frequent testing would promote continuous adherence to weight and physical fitness programs and decrease injurious behaviors that result from efforts to pass performance and body composition tests. · The committee further recommends the development of task-specific, gender-neutral strength and endurance tests and standards for use in the determination of placement in military occupational specialties that require moderate and heavy lifting.
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From page 161... ...
General and task-specific strength training should be incorporated into basic combat training, advanced training, and ongoing fitness programs to ensure that the maximum strength level requirements of each individual's MOS can be met. Further research is recommended on the incidence and risk factors for stress fracture and other musculoskeletal injuries in active-duty women.
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From page 162... ...
Discussion Assessments of nutritional status and dietary intake of active-duty women have been limited to studies of women in basic combat training or on brief field maneuvers. Nevertheless, the results of these studies strongly suggest that because of the nutrient density of operational rations and dining hall menus, active-duty women are at risk for inadequate intake of several nutrients, particularly iron, calcium, and folate, if their energy intake matches expenditure.
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From page 163... ...
Alcohol should be avoided during pregnancy and should only be consumed in moderation during lactation (IOM, ~ 9901. · The BCNH committee recommends that pregnant women without obstetrical or medical complications engage in moderate levels of physical activity to maintain cardiovascular and muscular fitness throughout the pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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From page 164... ...
The BCNH committee recommends that the proposed time allowance for compliance to weight and body fat standards postpartum be consistent with lOM recommendations for gestational weight gain. When satisfactory progress is being made towards compliance, an allowance of up to ~ year postpartum should be given for attainment of body weight standards.
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From page 165... ...
There is a lack of representative data on the gestational weight gain of military women. Systematic recording of gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcome among military women would serve to identify and target vuinerahle Ruin or hazardous occupational exposures.
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From page 166... ...
The shortfall is particularly serious regarding information on pregnant women. As a result, it is not possible to assess systematically what military women do to meet weight and fitness standards, how effective their behaviors are, or what the long-term health consequences of the behaviors are.
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From page 167... ...
Questions were used from large-scale federal surveys of civilian populations to facilitate comparisons. Very little information was collected on nutrition knowledge, eating behavior, history of weight loss/gain, fitness programs, or weight maintenance practices.
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From page 168... ...
865-7023 CHCS Composite Health Care System DMIS Defense Medical Information System MCQA Managed Care Query Application RCMAS Retrospective Case Mix Analysis System TCSDB Captures client-specific encounter, diagnostic, and treatment data for clients visiting outpatient clinics Supports on-line, near real-time access to individual detailed CHAMPUS information Provides a collection of databases designed to fi~rnish Department of Defense health care managers with executive information for decision support Provides a daily record of patient administrative and clinical data for military medical treatment facilities Provides a large repository of patient-level, population, normative, and financial data to support health care analysts and decision makers Provides ad hoc capabilities to medical treatment facilities for CHAMPUS, Biometrics, and patient population data Tri-Se~vice CHAMPUS Statistical Database Provides clinical and management information; detailed patient level data; and workload and utili zation data Supports ad hoc research, analytical health outcomes studies, and Medical Analysis Support System (MASS) files Recommendations for New Methods The committee recommends that the military survey a representative sample of activeduty personnel individually and review the individuals' personnel and medical records during the course of an interview.
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From page 169... ...
, longitudinal studies of people admitted to military weight management programs should be conducted to determine the outcome of these programs as recommended changes in program procedures are implemented. Career, active-duty, military women constitute a unique population of individuals who are required to maintain their weight and body fat and fitness at prescribed levels.
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From page 170... ...
Subcommittee on Nutritional Status and Weight Gain during Pregnancy, Subcommittee on Dieta~y Intake and Nutrient Supplements during Pregnancy, Committee on Nutritional Status during Pregnancy and Lactation, Food and Nutrition Board. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
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