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From page 339... ... Advanced Individual Training (AIT) , 235 African Americans fat-free body composition of women, 223 Age distribution BMI/percent body fat and, 47 body composition and, 47 body composition assessment, by aye, 36 body fat upper limits for military women, selected age groups, 3~37 low body weight prevalence among military women, by age, 132 marriage percentage of military active-duty women by age, 130 minority active-duty women by aye, 30 overweight prevalence of military personnel by age, 93 performance (physical) Read the entire page →
From page 340... ... See Specific policies Army Sample Survey of Military Personnel, 94, 134, 55 175, 179, 194 Army Weight Control Program, 88,94, 98, 177, 235, 236 Asian populations body composition of Asian women, 224 Athletics Olympic female athletes' mean BMI, 52, 53-54 B Basic combat training (BCT) injury risk, fitness training impact on, gender differences, 77, 189, 192, 243-245 ASSESSING READINESS IN MILITARY WOMEN nutritional studies, 116-117, 162, 189 overweight incidence, 92, 94-95 See also Military personnel; Physical training; U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 341... ... Body fat age effects, 47~8, 49, 50 BMI and, 15, 47~8, 49, 50 distribution, 14, 48-49, 50, 157-161 ethnic differences, 48-49, 50, 223-225 health risk and, 49 maximum body fat, 14, 26, 157-161 military standards failure and women separated from service, 91 performance and, 75-76, 230 physical fitness and, 52 See also Body composition; Body composition assessment; Weight Body fat assessment. See Body composition assessment Body image dieting and, 13-14, 97 See also Weight Body mass index (BMI) Read the entire page →
From page 342... ... Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) ,111, 187 Dieting cognitive performance impact of, 110, 192-193 health impact of, 192-1 93,238-240 energy deficit, 110 female athlete triad, 110-115, 116 weight cycling, 99-100 chronic dieting risks, xi, 99-100, 109-116 nutritional status impact of, 27, 109-116 nutrient adequacy of diets, 115-116 prevalence among civilian women, 97, 99 prevalence among military women, 97-99 See also Disordered eating; Obesity prevention; Overweight; Weight cycling; Weight loss methods; Weight management issues; Weight management programs Dieting and Bingeing Severity Scale, 99 Diseases and disorders injury risk and body composition, 50-51 injury risk of women in fitness training at basic combat training, 243-245 See also Eating disorders; Female athlete triad; Health; Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders; Neurological diseases and disorders; Reproductive health of women Disordered eating assessment of, 238-240 chronic dieting, health implications, xi, 13, 109-116 chronic dieting, physical consequences, xi, 13, 99100 definition, 95 health consequences of, 238-240 military women and, 14,187-193, 220 prevalence, 97-99 Read the entire page →
From page 343... ... Naval Academy female midshipmen and, 218 See also Diseases and disorders; Disordered eating; Weight; Weight management issues Eating Disorders Inventory, 95, l 75, 187, 218, 238 Educational attainment active-duty military personnel and, 29 See also Population characteristics Energy cognitive performance and, 110 deficit, chronic, 99, 110 dietary and nutrient density, 115-116 female athlete triad and, 111-112 intake/expenditure balance, 161, 162 m i 1 itary women ' s requirements, 121 See also Female athlete triad; Nutrition Energy, Obesity, and Body Weight Standards Panel, 236 Enlisted personnel, military Army PET compliance, 180 Army weight standards compliance, 180 educational attainment of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of military personnel, 45 strength requirements of job classifications for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 26~266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 low body weight prevalence of military women, 132 343 marriage percentage for active-duty women, 130 minority active-duty women, 30 parental status of active-duty women, 130 pregnancy outcome, l 37 pregnancy prevalence, l 33-135 women, by service branch, rank, and age, 28 women separated from service for failure of body fat standards, 91 See also Military personnel Ethnicity body composition, ethnic variations, l 81-182 bone density/body fat formula, ethnic differences, 295 fat distribution, ethnic differences, 48~9, 50, 55 fat-free body composition of women, ethnic differences, 223-225 FFM, ethnic differences, 48, 50 low body weight prevalence of military women, ethnicity, 132 military active-duty women, 29,30 military personnel, ethnicity, 45 pregnancy outcome of Navy women, by ethnicity, 138 See also African Americans; Asian populations; Hispanic populations; Native Americans; Population characteristics . xerc~se ACOG pregnancy guidelines, 140, 142, 150 habits of military women, 69 iron status impact of,119 lactation and, l 49 pregnancy/postpartum and, 27, 139-142, 150-151, 163-165 See also Physical fitness F Fat-free mass (FFM) Read the entire page →
From page 344... ... Naval Academy female midshipmen profile, 217-218 See also Diseases and disorders; Eating disorders; Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders; Neurological diseases and disorders; Nutrition; Nutritional status of military women; Reproductive health of women Health and Nutrition Survey, 185 Health and Physical Readiness Program, 69 Health Risk Appraisal, 10, 1 9, 93, 167, 168-169, 175 Health Survey of the Air Force, 175, 187 Healthy People Ann; 10, 12, 18, 63, 93, 94, 96, 147 148, 164, 185 Hispanic populations body composition of women, ethnic differences, 224 1 "I Am the American Soldier," 94 Incremental dynamic lift test, 70. See also Performance testing Institute of Aerobic Fitness, 71 Institute of Human Performance, 42 Institute of Medicine (IOM) Read the entire page →
From page 345... ... Military personnel accession weight standards, gender bias, and inconsistencies, 227 body composition assessment standards, 36 body composition equations for men and women, 9, 35 educational attainment of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of, 45 health, fitness, and nutrition of, 219-220 overweight prevalence of, 93 See also Appearance standard, military; Basic combat training (BCT) ; Commissioned officers; Enlisted personnel, military; Military occupational specialties (MOSs) Read the entire page →
From page 346... ... See also Dieting; Overweight; Weight; Weight loss methods; Weight management issues; Weight management programs Occupational classification (OCC) strength requirements of job classifications for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 264-266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 See also Military occupational specialties (MOSs) Read the entire page →
From page 347... ... , 19, 94, 167, 168, 169, 175, 181, 185, 347 BMI and, 15 body composition and, 3, 51-52, 55, 198 body fat standards vs., 52 definition, 62-64 health and, 64-69 injuries and, 77 law enforcement/fire services, civilian, assessment policies, 288-289 military accession, minimum standards, 198 military policies, ix, x, 5-7, 61-80, 176-179, 254 258 military policy/standards compliance estimates, 179 181 military standards, x, 3, 14-16, 64-72, 157-161 military women and, x, 219-220 MOSs and, 70-72 nutrition and physical activity impact on, military women, x occupation-related, 70-72 postpartum and, 127-133, 142-143, 146-147, 163 165 187, 217-218, 226-227, 238 pregnancy and, 127-133, 163-165 Performance task performance and, x, xi, 2-3, 13, 70-72, 75-80 body fat and, 75-76 two-tiered body composition/fitness screen, cognitive, x, 119, 192-193 recommendations, 14-16, 158, 159 FFM and, 76-77, 182-183 variables affecting, 62 improvement strategies, military, 77-80 See also Athletics; Exercise; Physical training; job redesign, 79-80 Physical readiness test (PRT) ; Readiness, military neuropsycholog~cal function of women, and zinc and Physical fitness test (PFT) Read the entire page →
From page 348... ... See Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Readiness, military appearance goals vs., health implications, 160, 198 assessmentperceptions,181 command perspective, 176 definition, ix, 1-2, 25-26 weighs managementissues, 103 women and, 215 See also Military personnel; Performance testing; Physical fitness Recommendations for Research on the Health of Military Women, 281 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Read the entire page →
From page 349... ... U.S. Air Force body composition and fitness policies, 5-7, 254-258 body composition assessment, 34, 36, 49 body composition equations, 34, 35, 43 educational attainment of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of personnel, 45 Health and Wellness Centers, 184 strength requirements of job classification for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 264-266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 minority active-duty women, 30 overweight prevalence, 93 physical fitness end, 5-7, 66, 254-258 pregnancy and postpartum policies, 6-7, 128-129, 254-258 pregnancy outcome,137,139 pregnancy prevalence, 133, 134-135 women in, characteristics of, 27, 28, 130, 174 women in, low body weight prevalence of, 132 women in, maximum allowable body fat, 37 See also Air Force Weight Management Program (WMP) Read the entire page →
From page 350... ... Navy appearance and, 54-55 body composition and fitness policies, 5-7, 254-258 body composition assessment, 34,36, 49 body composition cross-sectional profile, 226-227 body composition equations, 9, 35, 43, 44, 259 education of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of personnel, 45 strength requirements of job classifications for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 264-266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 minority active-duty women, 30 overweight prevalence in, 93 physical fitness assessment, 5-.7, 51, 66, 254-258 pregnancy and postpartum policies, 6-7, 128-129, 195-196, 251, 255-258 pregnancy outcome in, 137-138 pregnancy prevalence by rank, 133-134 readiness, assessment, 181 weight management program outcome, 91 wellness assessment, 181 women in, characteristics of, 27, 28,130, 17~175 women in, health and nutrition of, 217-218 women in, low body weight prevalence of, 132 women in, maximum allowable body fat, 37 See also Military personnel; Navy Weight Loss Program; Navy Health and Physical Readiness Program; Physical Readiness Test (PRT) ; Women, military Read the entire page →
From page 351... ... See also Physical Activity and Health W Weighing the Options, 100-102 Weight Army women body satisfaction and status, 234-237 gestational weight gain, 143-145, 147 loss and BMD and, 190 maintenance problems, 97 military accession weight standards, gender bias, 227 military weight standards compliance, 180 military weight standards upper limits, 10-12,34 performance effects of alterations in excess weight, 230 postpartum weight loss, 145-146, 147 postpartum weight loss' impact on lactation, 248-249 pregnancy weight restrictions' impact on lactation, 247-248 problems, real and self-perceived, in military women, 92-96, 103 See also Body image; Dieting; Disordered eating; Eating disorders; Low body weight; Obesity prevention; Overweight; Weight for height; Weight loss methods; Weight management issues; Weight management programs Weight cycling body composition and, 99-100 health risk and, 100 resting energy expenditure and, 100 See also Dieting; Weight management issues Weight for height, 11, 12, 34,39, 43, 178. See also Anthropometry; Body composition assessment; Weight Weight loss diets. Read the entire page →
From page 352... ... Naval Academy female midshipmen, health and nutrition, 217-218 See also Nutritional status of military women; Readiness, military; Women Women's Research and Education Institute, 31 Workshop on Women in Uniform, 283 A SSESSING REA DINESS IN Ad ILI TA R Y WOMEN Workshop on Assessing Readiness in Military Women, 121, 281 abstracts, 2 l 5-25 l agenda, 206-2 l 0 participants, 21 1-214 questions raised, l 97-l 99 summary, l 73-l 99 World Wide Web, 4, 3 l z Zinc, dietary neuropsychological function of women and, 231-232 See also Nutrition Read the entire page →

From page 339...

... Advanced Individual Training (AIT) , 235 African Americans fat-free body composition of women, 223 Age distribution BMI/percent body fat and, 47 body composition and, 47 body composition assessment, by aye, 36 body fat upper limits for military women, selected age groups, 3~37 low body weight prevalence among military women, by age, 132 marriage percentage of military active-duty women by age, 130 minority active-duty women by aye, 30 overweight prevalence of military personnel by age, 93 performance (physical)

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From page 340...

... See Specific policies Army Sample Survey of Military Personnel, 94, 134, 55 175, 179, 194 Army Weight Control Program, 88,94, 98, 177, 235, 236 Asian populations body composition of Asian women, 224 Athletics Olympic female athletes' mean BMI, 52, 53-54 B Basic combat training (BCT) injury risk, fitness training impact on, gender differences, 77, 189, 192, 243-245 ASSESSING READINESS IN MILITARY WOMEN nutritional studies, 116-117, 162, 189 overweight incidence, 92, 94-95 See also Military personnel; Physical training; U.S.

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From page 341...

... Body fat age effects, 47~8, 49, 50 BMI and, 15, 47~8, 49, 50 distribution, 14, 48-49, 50, 157-161 ethnic differences, 48-49, 50, 223-225 health risk and, 49 maximum body fat, 14, 26, 157-161 military standards failure and women separated from service, 91 performance and, 75-76, 230 physical fitness and, 52 See also Body composition; Body composition assessment; Weight Body fat assessment. See Body composition assessment Body image dieting and, 13-14, 97 See also Weight Body mass index (BMI)

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From page 342...

... Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) ,111, 187 Dieting cognitive performance impact of, 110, 192-193 health impact of, 192-1 93,238-240 energy deficit, 110 female athlete triad, 110-115, 116 weight cycling, 99-100 chronic dieting risks, xi, 99-100, 109-116 nutritional status impact of, 27, 109-116 nutrient adequacy of diets, 115-116 prevalence among civilian women, 97, 99 prevalence among military women, 97-99 See also Disordered eating; Obesity prevention; Overweight; Weight cycling; Weight loss methods; Weight management issues; Weight management programs Dieting and Bingeing Severity Scale, 99 Diseases and disorders injury risk and body composition, 50-51 injury risk of women in fitness training at basic combat training, 243-245 See also Eating disorders; Female athlete triad; Health; Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders; Neurological diseases and disorders; Reproductive health of women Disordered eating assessment of, 238-240 chronic dieting, health implications, xi, 13, 109-116 chronic dieting, physical consequences, xi, 13, 99100 definition, 95 health consequences of, 238-240 military women and, 14,187-193, 220 prevalence, 97-99

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From page 343...

... Naval Academy female midshipmen and, 218 See also Diseases and disorders; Disordered eating; Weight; Weight management issues Eating Disorders Inventory, 95, l 75, 187, 218, 238 Educational attainment active-duty military personnel and, 29 See also Population characteristics Energy cognitive performance and, 110 deficit, chronic, 99, 110 dietary and nutrient density, 115-116 female athlete triad and, 111-112 intake/expenditure balance, 161, 162 m i 1 itary women ' s requirements, 121 See also Female athlete triad; Nutrition Energy, Obesity, and Body Weight Standards Panel, 236 Enlisted personnel, military Army PET compliance, 180 Army weight standards compliance, 180 educational attainment of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of military personnel, 45 strength requirements of job classifications for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 26~266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 low body weight prevalence of military women, 132 343 marriage percentage for active-duty women, 130 minority active-duty women, 30 parental status of active-duty women, 130 pregnancy outcome, l 37 pregnancy prevalence, l 33-135 women, by service branch, rank, and age, 28 women separated from service for failure of body fat standards, 91 See also Military personnel Ethnicity body composition, ethnic variations, l 81-182 bone density/body fat formula, ethnic differences, 295 fat distribution, ethnic differences, 48~9, 50, 55 fat-free body composition of women, ethnic differences, 223-225 FFM, ethnic differences, 48, 50 low body weight prevalence of military women, ethnicity, 132 military active-duty women, 29,30 military personnel, ethnicity, 45 pregnancy outcome of Navy women, by ethnicity, 138 See also African Americans; Asian populations; Hispanic populations; Native Americans; Population characteristics . xerc~se ACOG pregnancy guidelines, 140, 142, 150 habits of military women, 69 iron status impact of,119 lactation and, l 49 pregnancy/postpartum and, 27, 139-142, 150-151, 163-165 See also Physical fitness F Fat-free mass (FFM)

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From page 344...

... Naval Academy female midshipmen profile, 217-218 See also Diseases and disorders; Eating disorders; Musculoskeletal diseases and disorders; Neurological diseases and disorders; Nutrition; Nutritional status of military women; Reproductive health of women Health and Nutrition Survey, 185 Health and Physical Readiness Program, 69 Health Risk Appraisal, 10, 1 9, 93, 167, 168-169, 175 Health Survey of the Air Force, 175, 187 Healthy People Ann; 10, 12, 18, 63, 93, 94, 96, 147 148, 164, 185 Hispanic populations body composition of women, ethnic differences, 224 1 "I Am the American Soldier," 94 Incremental dynamic lift test, 70. See also Performance testing Institute of Aerobic Fitness, 71 Institute of Human Performance, 42 Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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From page 345...

... Military personnel accession weight standards, gender bias, and inconsistencies, 227 body composition assessment standards, 36 body composition equations for men and women, 9, 35 educational attainment of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of, 45 health, fitness, and nutrition of, 219-220 overweight prevalence of, 93 See also Appearance standard, military; Basic combat training (BCT) ; Commissioned officers; Enlisted personnel, military; Military occupational specialties (MOSs)

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From page 346...

... See also Dieting; Overweight; Weight; Weight loss methods; Weight management issues; Weight management programs Occupational classification (OCC) strength requirements of job classifications for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 264-266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 See also Military occupational specialties (MOSs)

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From page 347...

... , 19, 94, 167, 168, 169, 175, 181, 185, 347 BMI and, 15 body composition and, 3, 51-52, 55, 198 body fat standards vs., 52 definition, 62-64 health and, 64-69 injuries and, 77 law enforcement/fire services, civilian, assessment policies, 288-289 military accession, minimum standards, 198 military policies, ix, x, 5-7, 61-80, 176-179, 254 258 military policy/standards compliance estimates, 179 181 military standards, x, 3, 14-16, 64-72, 157-161 military women and, x, 219-220 MOSs and, 70-72 nutrition and physical activity impact on, military women, x occupation-related, 70-72 postpartum and, 127-133, 142-143, 146-147, 163 165 187, 217-218, 226-227, 238 pregnancy and, 127-133, 163-165 Performance task performance and, x, xi, 2-3, 13, 70-72, 75-80 body fat and, 75-76 two-tiered body composition/fitness screen, cognitive, x, 119, 192-193 recommendations, 14-16, 158, 159 FFM and, 76-77, 182-183 variables affecting, 62 improvement strategies, military, 77-80 See also Athletics; Exercise; Physical training; job redesign, 79-80 Physical readiness test (PRT) ; Readiness, military neuropsycholog~cal function of women, and zinc and Physical fitness test (PFT)

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From page 348...

... See Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Readiness, military appearance goals vs., health implications, 160, 198 assessmentperceptions,181 command perspective, 176 definition, ix, 1-2, 25-26 weighs managementissues, 103 women and, 215 See also Military personnel; Performance testing; Physical fitness Recommendations for Research on the Health of Military Women, 281 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

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From page 349...

... U.S. Air Force body composition and fitness policies, 5-7, 254-258 body composition assessment, 34, 36, 49 body composition equations, 34, 35, 43 educational attainment of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of personnel, 45 Health and Wellness Centers, 184 strength requirements of job classification for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 264-266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 minority active-duty women, 30 overweight prevalence, 93 physical fitness end, 5-7, 66, 254-258 pregnancy and postpartum policies, 6-7, 128-129, 254-258 pregnancy outcome,137,139 pregnancy prevalence, 133, 134-135 women in, characteristics of, 27, 28, 130, 174 women in, low body weight prevalence of, 132 women in, maximum allowable body fat, 37 See also Air Force Weight Management Program (WMP)

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From page 350...

... Navy appearance and, 54-55 body composition and fitness policies, 5-7, 254-258 body composition assessment, 34,36, 49 body composition cross-sectional profile, 226-227 body composition equations, 9, 35, 43, 44, 259 education of active-duty personnel, 29 ethnicity of personnel, 45 strength requirements of job classifications for enlisted women: very heavy, 67, 264-266 heavy, 67, 267-269 moderate heavy, 67, 269-271 medium, 67, 272-274 light, 67, 275-279 minority active-duty women, 30 overweight prevalence in, 93 physical fitness assessment, 5-.7, 51, 66, 254-258 pregnancy and postpartum policies, 6-7, 128-129, 195-196, 251, 255-258 pregnancy outcome in, 137-138 pregnancy prevalence by rank, 133-134 readiness, assessment, 181 weight management program outcome, 91 wellness assessment, 181 women in, characteristics of, 27, 28,130, 17~175 women in, health and nutrition of, 217-218 women in, low body weight prevalence of, 132 women in, maximum allowable body fat, 37 See also Military personnel; Navy Weight Loss Program; Navy Health and Physical Readiness Program; Physical Readiness Test (PRT) ; Women, military

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From page 351...

... See also Physical Activity and Health W Weighing the Options, 100-102 Weight Army women body satisfaction and status, 234-237 gestational weight gain, 143-145, 147 loss and BMD and, 190 maintenance problems, 97 military accession weight standards, gender bias, 227 military weight standards compliance, 180 military weight standards upper limits, 10-12,34 performance effects of alterations in excess weight, 230 postpartum weight loss, 145-146, 147 postpartum weight loss' impact on lactation, 248-249 pregnancy weight restrictions' impact on lactation, 247-248 problems, real and self-perceived, in military women, 92-96, 103 See also Body image; Dieting; Disordered eating; Eating disorders; Low body weight; Obesity prevention; Overweight; Weight for height; Weight loss methods; Weight management issues; Weight management programs Weight cycling body composition and, 99-100 health risk and, 100 resting energy expenditure and, 100 See also Dieting; Weight management issues Weight for height, 11, 12, 34,39, 43, 178. See also Anthropometry; Body composition assessment; Weight Weight loss diets.

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From page 352...

... Naval Academy female midshipmen, health and nutrition, 217-218 See also Nutritional status of military women; Readiness, military; Women Women's Research and Education Institute, 31 Workshop on Women in Uniform, 283 A SSESSING REA DINESS IN Ad ILI TA R Y WOMEN Workshop on Assessing Readiness in Military Women, 121, 281 abstracts, 2 l 5-25 l agenda, 206-2 l 0 participants, 21 1-214 questions raised, l 97-l 99 summary, l 73-l 99 World Wide Web, 4, 3 l z Zinc, dietary neuropsychological function of women and, 231-232 See also Nutrition

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Index Pages 339-352

Index
Pages 339-352