The Meteorological Buoy and Coastal Marine Automated Network for the United States (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-5
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Realtime observations from these stations are used by public and private weather forecasters to provide information on possible hazardous wind, sea-state, and water-level conditions to public safety officials, public and private marine interests, shipping companies, fishing and recreational interests, and the general public. These systems collect information under conditions of weather too severe for human observers, and thus provide vital information, not only for public warnings and forecasts but for research that will lead to better understanding of storm characteristics and improved forecasts.
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Without more extensive numerical analyses, recommendations to expand the network of observing sites are admittedly, largely judgmental, but are based on many years of forecaster experience. Therefore, the recommendations that follow are based on the value of the buoy/ C-MAN system to the preparation of storm watches and warnings, the demonstrated value to public safety and recreational and commercial uses, the needs of the research community, and the importance of surface observations to calibrate (or"ground truth")
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The proposed modifications to the core MAROB plan include: · addition of moored buoys around Hawaii, the eastern Pacific, Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic coast, and the Caribbean with locations to be determined based upon operational and research requirements; · increased use of adaptive data gathering strategies to allow deployment of additional drifting buoys in the central tropical Atlantic during the hurricane season and over the open ocean waters when the potential exists for severe extratropical cyclones (ETCs) to threaten coastal regions; and · replacement of some C-MAN systems by moored and drifting buoys in areas where the C-MAN sites are situated near land-based coastal surface observation sites.
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Both review and study are essential if the United States is to meet its international commitments in the weather and climate arena and provide its citizens with more timely and accurate warnings of hazardous weather, particularly in the increasingly populated coastal regions. Throughout this report there are many reminders that operational responsibilities and research are inextricably linked.
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An overall approach for making decisions about how, where, and when to implement the recommended buoy/C-MAN system should be based on the above five criteria, as well as the two technical recommendations dis cussed above. Observations in and of themselves are of limited value unless they are coupled with an operational data assimilation system and forecast model.
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