The Positive Sum Strategy Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Entrepeneurship and Innovation: Biotechnology
Entrepeneurship and Innovation: Biotechnology
Pages 429-436
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From page 429... ...
This potentiality reflects a pattern. The United States develops, finances, and builds a new technology only to have the profits skimmed offbyforeign competitors who spend their money on manufacturing development and marketing.
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From page 430... ...
Basic research funding has also provided the training ground for the scientists who are staffing today's companies. In the United States, there are now more than 200 biotechnology companies.
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From page 431... ...
In Japan, the biggest share of every research dollar is funneled into bioprocess engineering rather than into basic research. The Japanes have relied on the United States and other countries to provide the breakthroughs.
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From page 432... ...
And, most importantly, since Genentech's founding, our research has led to a number of important products for human and animal health care. These include t-PA, a blood-clot-dissolving substance used during hean attacks; gamma interferon, an anticancer and anti-infective agent; tumor necrosis factor, another exciting, new anticancer drug; human insulin for the treatment of diabetes; Factor VIII, an essential blood-clotting factor for the treatment of hemophilia; and human and animal growth hormones.
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From page 433... ...
It is important that Americans get the same fair treatment when they file for patent protection in other countries. REGULATIONS So far, the United States has avoided He regulation of biotechnology.
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From page 434... ...
European countries have a distinct advantage over the United States because they are often not subject to the strict product-approval regulations deemed appropriate in this country. ~ have to agree with the Office of Technology Assessment's statement that "~e regulatory environment favors He European companies, over those of Japan and He United States reaching their own domestic markets sooner for pharmaceuticals and animal drugs."2 If this happens, He European companies, fueled by profits from product sales in secure home markets, will be able to invest in further research and cost reduction with a view to exporting Heir products to the United States.
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From page 435... ...
However, if we are to maintain our lead, we must act quickly to address a number of critical issues—continued tax incentives for research and capital formation, tamely review of patent and new drug applications, well-informed export policies, and increased funding for process technology and generic applied research. Win concerted, cooperative, and tamely efforts on the part of government, industry, and academia to address these critical issues, I am confident that the United States can maintain its lead in biotechnology.
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