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Antimicrobial Resistance Issues and Options (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms
Pages 104-111

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From page 104...
... In humans and other diploid organisms, there are two alleles, one on each chromosome of a homologous pair. Aminoglycosides: Family of bactericidal antibiotics that block bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the small subunit of the bacterial ribosome; examples are streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin.
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From page 105...
... Broad-spectrum antibiotic: Antibiotic effective against a large number of bacterial species; generally describes antibiotics effective against both grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Campylobacter: Bacterial genus with a characteristic corkscrew-like motion, found in the oral cavity, intestinal tract, and reproductive organs of humans and animals.
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From page 106...
... Epithelium: Purely cellular avascular layer covering all the free surfaces of a body, cutaneous, mucous, and serous, including the glands and other structures derived therefrom. Erwin us amylovora: Gram-negative, rod-shaped motile bacterium that is the causative agent of fire blight in pome fruits.
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From page 107...
... Formulary: Listing of approved drugs for various medical indications, originally created as a cost-controlling measure but used more recently to guide usage of antibiotics based on information about resistance patterns. Fungus: Member of a class of relatively primitive organisms; includes mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, molds, and smuts.
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From page 108...
... Microorganism: Minute, microscopic, or submicroscopic living organism; includes bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Viruses are often included in this category, but they are incapable of growth and reproduction outside host cells, so that some experts insist they should not be classified as organisms Minimum inhibitory concentration: Lowest concentration of antibiotic that prevents growth of a bacterium.
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From page 109...
... and may lead to change in structure of the protein coded by the mutated gene. Mycobacterium: Gram-positive, aerobic, mostly slow-growing genus of bacteria containing many species, including the highly pathogenic organisms that cause tuberculosis.
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From page 110...
... Protein: Any group of complex organic compounds that contain carbon, hydro - gen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, and are widely distributed in plants and animals. Quinolones: Class of purely synthetic antibiotics that inhibit the replication of bacterial DNA; includes ciprofloxacin and fluoroquinolone.
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From page 111...
... Virus: Submicroscopic pieces of genetic material (RNA or DNA) enclosed in a protein coat that cause infectious disease; obligate parasites that can reproduce only in living cells.
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Key Terms

  • protein synthesis
  • bacterial strain
  • body orifices
  • glycopeptide antibiotic
  • thick layer

  • highly pathogenic
  • bacteria normally
  • host cells
  • infectious disease
  • commensal bacterium

  • bacterial ribosome
  • structurally discrete
  • gene product
  • available antibiotics
  • commensal bacteria

  • genetic information
  • pome fruits
  • cell organelles
  • unless related
  • widely distributed

  • antibiotics effective
  • submicroscopic pieces
  • antibiotic effective
  • causative agent
  • usually sulfur

  • disease prevailing
  • cause tuberculosis
  • synthetic antibiotics
  • bactericidal antibiotics
  • intestinal tract


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