Using Supercritical Water Oxidation to Treat Hydrolysate from VX Neutralization (1998) / Chapter Skim
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3 Technology Status
3 Technology Status
Pages 15-34
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From page 15... ...
The inner diameter and length of the transpiring wall reactor are similar to vertical cylindrical reactors. Temperature and pressure reduction after reaction at supercritical conditions has been achieved through a sequence of additions of quench water at high pressure, followed by heat exchange at high pressure to further reduce temperature, and finally, pressure relief through pressure reduction valves or capillaries.
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From page 16... ...
The majority of testing to date at pilot scale has been for limited technology demonstration intervals. Primary distinguishing features of each facility or demonstration are waste composition, process scale, reactor design, (tubular, vertical cylindrical, or transpiring wall)
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From page 19... ...
19 R V d ca ~ .= o R S~ d .: O o; R R R u .= ~U o ~^ R R c~l R R b4 o b4 o b4 CM o o o b4 CM o 8 o 4= _ m o o o o o 00 m o CM m o .
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From page 20... ...
for the oxidation of MPA, which is considered the most refractory hydrolysate constituent and is also an intermediate formed during oxidation of EMPA (Gloyna and Li,1997~. Pilot-scale testing has been carried out using a vertical cylindrical reactor for intervals of a few hours using both surrogates for hydrolysate and actual VX hydrolysate produced by neutralizing VX from the stockpile at the process design conditions specified for the Newport facility.
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From page 21... ...
At short residence times, which resulted in high residual MPA concentrations, conversion of MPA was greater when sodium hydroxide was added. However, high DREs were more difficult to achieve when sodium hydroxide was added because (1)
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From page 22... ...
They also suggest that monitoring of both carbon monoxide and methane in the off-gas from a SCWO process may be a sensitive indicator of the overall oxidation efficiency for organic constituents. The conclusions from the laboratory-scale tests are that high destruction removal efficiency, over 99.9 percent, was possible at a temperature of 550°C or higher, with a residence time longer than 15 seconds and oxygen feed of at least 150 percent of the stoichiometric requirement.
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From page 23... ...
Total salt content in the effluent was monitored through continuous measurements of conductivity. Normalized results of salt transport through the reactor for the salt simulant campaigns and both VX hydrolysate campaigns are presented in Figure 3-4.
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From page 24... ...
27min8.2<20<20 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.0080.068 32 min< 1< 20< 20 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008< 0.008 37 min3.8< 20< 20 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008< 0.008 42 min6.8< 20< 20 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008< 0.008 47min16.6<2053.9 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008<0.008 VX hydrolysate feeds 170,000 139,900 10,260 78,300 13,300 2,000 2,000 5,600 7,000 800 DRE (%) 99.9 to > 99.89 99.7 to > 99.9999 > 99.9995 > 99.997 > 99.997 > 99.9988 > 99.999 > 99.97 99.995 > 99.88 aConcentrations indicated as " < " reflect analytical detection limits; DREs indicated as "> " reflect that the calculated DRE was limited by the analytical detection limit for that constituent.
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From page 25... ...
, VX thiols, and TOC maintain continuous system operation for at least eight hours with VX hydrolysate feed · demonstrate that salts from VX hydrolysate do not cause system plugging or interfere with organic destruction during the test interval · demonstrate the basis for process control The test program consisted of two three-hour campaigns with a surrogate as the feed followed by one eight-hour campaign with VX hydrolysate as the feed. The purpose of the two test campaigns with surrogate feed2 was to 2The surrogate feed consisted of 8.8 wt.
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From page 26... ...
were collected to evaluate analytical precision and accuracy for TOC, MPA, and VX thiols. Two gaseous effluent samples were collected during hydrolysate feed operations at about three and six hours after the beginning of steady-state operations.
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From page 28... ...
was effective in completely oxidizing CO and VOCs. At the conclusion of the hydrolysate test, a horoscope was used to examine the internal reactor surfaces for salt accumulation.
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From page 29... ...
FIGURE 3-7 Liquid effluent pH and salt balance during the VX hydrolysate test campaign. Source: Adapted from General Atomics, 1997b.
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From page 31... ...
. bPercent recovery = average detected sample concentration divided by the SCWO effluent sample concentration + spike concentration and multiplied by 100.
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From page 32... ...
· Test data show that SCWO at a temperature of 600· Based on intravenous testing in mice, the acute to 650°C will oxidize VX hydrolysate to a satis-toxicity of SCWO effluent is negligible. Oral dos factorily high degree, with only parts per millionages in rats and dermal applications in rabbits also of partially oxidized organic species remaining inindicate negligible acute toxicity.
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From page 33... ...
The proposed Newport facility is included for comparison. TABLE 3-9 Summary of Evaporator Installations Similar to the Design Specifications for NECDF 33 The proposed system includes a single evaporator big enough to process 125 percent of the SCWO aqueous effluent stream.
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From page 34... ...
The SCWO effluent used for testing was obtained during steady-state operations (EFFDRUM 4) during the February 1997 test campaign with VX hydrolysate as feed.
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