Control of Cardiovascular Diseases in Developing Countries Research, Development, and Institutional Strengthening (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Five Steps for Setting Research Priorities
Appendix A: Five Steps for Setting Research Priorities
Pages 77-82
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From page 77... ...
In fact, given the falling rates of infectious and parasitic diseases and the increasing rates of CVD in developing countries, CVD was most likely the developing world's leading cause of death by the mid-199Os. If ignored, this epidemic will increase drastically in the coming years.
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From page 78... ...
5 infections 2 Cerebrovascular1,427 Ischemic heart disease3,565 disease 3 Trachea, bronchus, and523 Cerebrovascular2,954 lung cancer disease 4 Lower respiratory385 Diarrheal diseases2,940 infections 5 Chronic obstructive324 Conditions arising2,361 pulmonary disease during the perinatal period 6 Colon and rectum277 Tuberculosis1,922 cancers 7 Stomach cancer241 Chronic obstructive1,887 pulmonary disease 8 Road traffic accidents222 Measles1,058 9 Self-inflicted injuries193 Malaria856 10 Diabetes mellitus176 Road traffic accidents777 Total deaths10,912 Total deaths39.554 SOURCE: Murray and Lopez, 1996. Another reason for the persistence of the emerging epidemic of CVD in lowand middle-income populations in developing countries is their increasing adoption of behaviors and life-styles that are known to elevate CVD risk.
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From page 79... ...
A third reason for the emerging epidemic of CVD in developing countries is largely unavoidable: the aging of populations due to declining fertility and the reduction in infant and childhood mortality (see Chapters 1 and 21. In summary, the emerging epidemic of CVD in low- and middle-income country populations can be attributed to demographic change, rapid adoption of life-styles and habits associated with elevated CVD risk, and lack of current investment in intervention programs directed to the reduction and prevention of CVD risk factors and to the treatment and control of existing cases.
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From page 80... ...
They may also reflect variations in unidentified risk factors. If governments and health providers are to respond adequately to the challenge of the emerging epidemic of CVD in developing countries, the committee believes they will need reliable data on the current and projected burden of CVD in their regions, as well as information on what they can do to reduce it.
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From page 81... ...
Secondary prevention or case management strategies have been investigated extensively in patients in developed countries during both acute events and later phases of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Interventions range from relatively inexpensive steps, such as behavioral risk factor control strategies (e.g., smoking cessation, lipid-lowering diet, physical activity, and weight reduction)
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From page 82... ...
To continue as is, with the current inadequate level of effort, invites significant peril. An alternative future is possible, in which developing countries invest early enough to prevent the enormous costs of a major epidemic of CVD such as that experienced by developed countries in the twentieth century.
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