A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century (1998) / Chapter Skim
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14 Programmatic and Policy Issues
14 Programmatic and Policy Issues
Pages 237-250
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From page 237... ...
International cooperation has been a focus for the International Space Station (ISS) as well as for shuttle-based research, and the cooperative programs with Russia, most notably the residence of U.S.
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From page 238... ...
Flight hardware must be tested extensively prior to flight in ground-based simulation experiments in order to demonstrate the capacity of the apparatus to maintain normal function and to demonstrate any differences induced by the hardware compared with standard conditions. Hardware design should take into consideration the effects of microgravity on fluid dynamics and gas exchange.
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From page 239... ...
Development of Advanced Instrumentation and Methodologies All future life science flight experiments, and especially the utilization of the International Space Station to best advantage, will depend on the availability of advanced instrumentation capable of carrying out the sophisticated measurements and analyses required by the research questions and experimental approaches described in the preceding chapters. In many cases, adaptation and/or miniaturization of existing technologies will meet investigators' needs.
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From page 240... ...
· NASA should take advantage of advanced instrumentation developed in other countries. · The capability for direct, real-time communication between space-based experimenters and principal investigators at their home laboratories should be a high-priority objective for the International Space Station.
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From page 241... ...
To better ensure that the ISS will adequately meet the needs of space life sciences researchers, NASA should continue to bring the external user community as well as NASA scientists into the planning and design phases offacility construction. · NASA should make every effort to mount at least one Spacelab life sciences flight in the period between Neurolab and the completion of ISS facilities.
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From page 242... ...
The committee also strongly endorses the current policy that places responsibility in the NASA Headquarters Division of Life Sciences for establishing peer review panels and for funding decisions. The impact of recent changes in NASA organization specifically, the transfer of the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications to the Human Exploration and Development of Space enterprise, and the transfer of program management responsibilities from the Headquarters Division of Life Sciences to Johnson Space Center is not yet clear.
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From page 243... ...
On the other hand, creation of multisite NSCORTs, like the recently established New Jersey Center of Research and Training, complicates the development of mechanisms ensuring the close interaction among investigators that is a prime objective of the centers. The very recent establishment of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute as a multiuniversity, multi-investigator consortium with close ties to Johnson Space Center marks a major change in the conduct of NASA life sciences research.
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From page 244... ...
In order to understand the changes induced by spaceflight and their significance for astronaut health and safety, as well as the effectiveness of countermeasures, it is essential that testing and sample collection be done on a well-considered and rigorous schedule, with a sufficient number of time points in flight and postflight to define adequately the time course of changes in flight, and of recovery postflight. The opportunity for sophisticated systematic monitoring of the effects of spaceflight over longer periods on the ISS is particularly important in thinking ahead to a future that includes crewed interplanetary missions.
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From page 245... ...
· NASA should make every effort to promote mechanisms for making complete data obtained from studies on astronauts accessible to qualified investigators in a timely manner. Consideration should be given to possible modifications of current policies and practices relating to the confidentiality of human subjects that would ethically ensure astronaut cooperation in a more elective manner.
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From page 246... ...
The Spaceline Archive, currently available online through the National Library of Medicine, was developed to make data from flight experiments more readily accessible to the general scientific community, and a second online archive has recently been established by JSC. However, entry of data from past flights is not yet complete at either site, access is not yet transparent, and much of the human spaceflight physiological data remains sequestered because of the current policy regarding release of data from human subjects, discussed above.
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From page 247... ...
1991. Assessment of Programs in Space Biology and Medicine 1991.
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