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From page 223... ... 170 223 progress in, 104, 195 proton, 111-113 recommendations for new facilities in the United States, 7-8, 197-198 recommendations for research and development, 8-9, 198 research on advanced concepts for, 129-131 shutting down, 178- 179 superconducting magnets in, 103-104 two-beam, 130 use of, for physics, 178 variety of, 104 world's high-energy, 11~120, 203-206 ACO ring, 168 ADONE ring, 168 AEC (Atomic Energy Commission) , 174, 183-184 AGS, see Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Aladdin ring, 168 Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) Read the entire page →
From page 224... ... 104- 106 Baryon number of universe, net, 79 Baryons, 70 defined, 213-214 Basic forces, four, 25-26 Beam, defined, 214 Beauty, see Bottom entries Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC) , 112, 116, 168, 176, 208 defined, 214 BESSY ring, 168 Beta decay, defined, 214 Bevatron, defined, 214 Big-bang cosmology, 3, 158 Bosons Higgs, see Higgs bosons intermediate, 27, 67, 217 weak, 66 Bottom, defined, 214 Bottom quarks, 22, 29 discovery of, 55-56 Broken symmetry, defined, 214 Brookhavenfacilities, 113 Bubble chambers. Read the entire page →
From page 225... ... , 7, S5,112, 116, 168, 206 defined, 214 Cornell facilities, 1 13 Cosmic rays, 9 defined, 215 experiments using, 153-155 Cosmic-ray physics, 16~161 Cosmology, IS8-160 big bang, 3, 158 defined, 215 inflationary, 160 CP violation in K-meson decay, 80 defined, 215 CPU (central processor unit) time, 150ISI Cross section, 102 total, 106 Cryogenics, defined, 215 Crystal-lattice formulation, 75 D Dark matter, 159 Data reduction and computers, 149-153 DCI ring, 168 Delta family of hadrons, 49 Department of Energy (DOE) Read the entire page →
From page 226... ... , 24, 99 defined, 216 GeV, see GeV MeV. see MeV TeV, see TeV Electron-neutrino mass, 163 Electron-positron colliders, 5, 88, 94, 112, 206 circular, 115- 116 linear, 118-120 Electron-proton colliders, 111, 120 Electrons, 2, 12, 19, 20 defined, 216 magnetic properties of, 164 size of, 23 Electroweak force, 11, 76 defined, 216 Electroweak symmetry scheme, 69 Elementary particles charged, particle detectors for, 42-43 collisions of, 31 decays of, 47 defined, 19, 216 force-carrying family of, 27 hadron family of, 29-30 high energy and, 23-25 kinds of, 19-22 known families of, 2~31 lepton family of, 27-28 mass of, 82 primary beams of, 43, 45 problem of mass of, 83-86 quark family of, 28-29 range of mass of, 84 secondary beams of, 43, 45 size of, 23 spontaneous disintegration of, 35 Elementary-particle physics accelerators for, see Accelerators age distribution of senior experimentalists and theorists in, 191 astrophysics and, 158-160 community of physicists in, 7 conclusions and recommendations in, 194 200 cosmology and, 158-160 defined, 1, 12, 216 experimental methods in, 40 experiments in, 7, 47 federal government and, 182- 185 fundamental ideas of, 18-19 funding for research in, 209, 212 future of, 6, 1~17, 189-193 guidelines for United States, 187 historical background, 172-176 instruments and detectors for, 132-156 interactions with other areas of physics and technology, 157-171 international cooperation and competition in, 185-189 laboratory management in, 192-193 nature of experimentation in, 179-181 overview of, 196 physicists and graduate students in. Read the entire page →
From page 227... ... 216 Gravitation, 13, 92 Gravitational force, 3, 25-26. 97 defined, 216 Gravitons, 14, 27 defined, 217 Gravity, quantum, 97 GUT, see Grand unified theories H Hadron-hadron storable ring colliders, 20S Hadrons, 2, 22, 64, 194 calorimeter, 139 defined, 217 family of elementary particles, 29-30 interactions of, 59, 87 jets of, 62-64 quark model of, see Quark model secondary, 139 Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 24 HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel of the Department of Energy) Read the entire page →
From page 228... ... 43 ionization trails. 137 ISR ( Intersecting Storage Rings ) Read the entire page →
From page 229... ... 13, 25-26 Nuclear physics. 161-163 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) Read the entire page →
From page 230... ... 189-190 Scintillation counters, 43 defined, 219 Screening, 73 Secondary particle beams, 43, 45 Sigma-star family of hadrons, 49 SIN, 162 SLAC, see Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SLC, see Stanford Linear Collider Solar neutrinos, 15S Solitons, 166 SOR ring, 168 Read the entire page →
From page 231... ... , 110, 112 defined, 220 SuperACO ring, 168 Superconducting magnets, 123-124 in accelerators, 103-104 Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) , 6, 8, 17, 107, 111, 120-128, 171, 184, 188-189, 192, 196, 197-198 defined, 220 design studies for, 122-123 goals for, 121 preliminary designs and considerations, 124-127 Reference Designs Study, 124-127 schedule and cost, 127-128 schematic, 125 Superconductivity, 166 defined, 220 large-scale uses of, 17~171 Supersymmetric particles, 93 Supersymmetry, 97 defined, 220 SURF ring, 168 Symmetry breaking of, 39 broken, defined, 214 considerations of, 36-39 continuous, 39 defined, 220-221 discontinuous, 39 gauge, 85 global, 38 local, 38-39 parity, 162 time-reversal, 80 Synchrotron radiation, 118, 139, 16~168 defined, 221 sources of, 167-168 T Tagged Photon Spectrometer, Fermilab, 148, 149 Tantalus ring, 168 Targets, 40, 42 defined, 221 Tau leptons, 5, 22 defined, 221 discovery of, 53 Tau neutrino, 28, 55 Technicolor theory, 23, 107 defined, 221 TERAS ring, 168 TeV (trillion electron volts) Read the entire page →
From page 232... ... , 174 UVSOR ring, 168 V Vacuum fluctuations. ephemeral, 71-72 Vacuum polarization, 73 VEPP-2M ring, 168 VEPP-3 ring, 168 VEPP-4 ring, 112, 116, 168, 206 defined, 222 Vertex detectors, 140- 141 Volts, electron, see Electron volts W W particle, 3, 4, 5, 66, 222 Weak bosons, 66 Weak force, 3, 13, 22, 25-26, 106, 107 defined, 222 X X rays, 2 defined, 222 Xi-star family of hadrons, 49 z Z particle, 3, 4, 5. Read the entire page →

From page 223...

... 170 223 progress in, 104, 195 proton, 111-113 recommendations for new facilities in the United States, 7-8, 197-198 recommendations for research and development, 8-9, 198 research on advanced concepts for, 129-131 shutting down, 178- 179 superconducting magnets in, 103-104 two-beam, 130 use of, for physics, 178 variety of, 104 world's high-energy, 11~120, 203-206 ACO ring, 168 ADONE ring, 168 AEC (Atomic Energy Commission) , 174, 183-184 AGS, see Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Aladdin ring, 168 Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)

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From page 224...

... 104- 106 Baryon number of universe, net, 79 Baryons, 70 defined, 213-214 Basic forces, four, 25-26 Beam, defined, 214 Beauty, see Bottom entries Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC) , 112, 116, 168, 176, 208 defined, 214 BESSY ring, 168 Beta decay, defined, 214 Bevatron, defined, 214 Big-bang cosmology, 3, 158 Bosons Higgs, see Higgs bosons intermediate, 27, 67, 217 weak, 66 Bottom, defined, 214 Bottom quarks, 22, 29 discovery of, 55-56 Broken symmetry, defined, 214 Brookhavenfacilities, 113 Bubble chambers.

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From page 225...

... , 7, S5,112, 116, 168, 206 defined, 214 Cornell facilities, 1 13 Cosmic rays, 9 defined, 215 experiments using, 153-155 Cosmic-ray physics, 16~161 Cosmology, IS8-160 big bang, 3, 158 defined, 215 inflationary, 160 CP violation in K-meson decay, 80 defined, 215 CPU (central processor unit) time, 150ISI Cross section, 102 total, 106 Cryogenics, defined, 215 Crystal-lattice formulation, 75 D Dark matter, 159 Data reduction and computers, 149-153 DCI ring, 168 Delta family of hadrons, 49 Department of Energy (DOE)

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From page 226...

... , 24, 99 defined, 216 GeV, see GeV MeV. see MeV TeV, see TeV Electron-neutrino mass, 163 Electron-positron colliders, 5, 88, 94, 112, 206 circular, 115- 116 linear, 118-120 Electron-proton colliders, 111, 120 Electrons, 2, 12, 19, 20 defined, 216 magnetic properties of, 164 size of, 23 Electroweak force, 11, 76 defined, 216 Electroweak symmetry scheme, 69 Elementary particles charged, particle detectors for, 42-43 collisions of, 31 decays of, 47 defined, 19, 216 force-carrying family of, 27 hadron family of, 29-30 high energy and, 23-25 kinds of, 19-22 known families of, 2~31 lepton family of, 27-28 mass of, 82 primary beams of, 43, 45 problem of mass of, 83-86 quark family of, 28-29 range of mass of, 84 secondary beams of, 43, 45 size of, 23 spontaneous disintegration of, 35 Elementary-particle physics accelerators for, see Accelerators age distribution of senior experimentalists and theorists in, 191 astrophysics and, 158-160 community of physicists in, 7 conclusions and recommendations in, 194 200 cosmology and, 158-160 defined, 1, 12, 216 experimental methods in, 40 experiments in, 7, 47 federal government and, 182- 185 fundamental ideas of, 18-19 funding for research in, 209, 212 future of, 6, 1~17, 189-193 guidelines for United States, 187 historical background, 172-176 instruments and detectors for, 132-156 interactions with other areas of physics and technology, 157-171 international cooperation and competition in, 185-189 laboratory management in, 192-193 nature of experimentation in, 179-181 overview of, 196 physicists and graduate students in.

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From page 227...

... 216 Gravitation, 13, 92 Gravitational force, 3, 25-26. 97 defined, 216 Gravitons, 14, 27 defined, 217 Gravity, quantum, 97 GUT, see Grand unified theories H Hadron-hadron storable ring colliders, 20S Hadrons, 2, 22, 64, 194 calorimeter, 139 defined, 217 family of elementary particles, 29-30 interactions of, 59, 87 jets of, 62-64 quark model of, see Quark model secondary, 139 Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 24 HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel of the Department of Energy)

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From page 228...

... 43 ionization trails. 137 ISR ( Intersecting Storage Rings )

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From page 229...

... 13, 25-26 Nuclear physics. 161-163 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC)

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From page 230...

... 189-190 Scintillation counters, 43 defined, 219 Screening, 73 Secondary particle beams, 43, 45 Sigma-star family of hadrons, 49 SIN, 162 SLAC, see Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SLC, see Stanford Linear Collider Solar neutrinos, 15S Solitons, 166 SOR ring, 168

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From page 231...

... , 110, 112 defined, 220 SuperACO ring, 168 Superconducting magnets, 123-124 in accelerators, 103-104 Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) , 6, 8, 17, 107, 111, 120-128, 171, 184, 188-189, 192, 196, 197-198 defined, 220 design studies for, 122-123 goals for, 121 preliminary designs and considerations, 124-127 Reference Designs Study, 124-127 schedule and cost, 127-128 schematic, 125 Superconductivity, 166 defined, 220 large-scale uses of, 17~171 Supersymmetric particles, 93 Supersymmetry, 97 defined, 220 SURF ring, 168 Symmetry breaking of, 39 broken, defined, 214 considerations of, 36-39 continuous, 39 defined, 220-221 discontinuous, 39 gauge, 85 global, 38 local, 38-39 parity, 162 time-reversal, 80 Synchrotron radiation, 118, 139, 16~168 defined, 221 sources of, 167-168 T Tagged Photon Spectrometer, Fermilab, 148, 149 Tantalus ring, 168 Targets, 40, 42 defined, 221 Tau leptons, 5, 22 defined, 221 discovery of, 53 Tau neutrino, 28, 55 Technicolor theory, 23, 107 defined, 221 TERAS ring, 168 TeV (trillion electron volts)

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From page 232...

... , 174 UVSOR ring, 168 V Vacuum fluctuations. ephemeral, 71-72 Vacuum polarization, 73 VEPP-2M ring, 168 VEPP-3 ring, 168 VEPP-4 ring, 112, 116, 168, 206 defined, 222 Vertex detectors, 140- 141 Volts, electron, see Electron volts W W particle, 3, 4, 5, 66, 222 Weak bosons, 66 Weak force, 3, 13, 22, 25-26, 106, 107 defined, 222 X X rays, 2 defined, 222 Xi-star family of hadrons, 49 z Z particle, 3, 4, 5.

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Index Pages 223-232

Index
Pages 223-232