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Gravitation, Cosmology, and Cosmic-Ray Physics (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 165-172

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From page 165...
... , 101, 103-104 Axion forces, 78 Axions, 22, 97-98 B Backaction-evasion technique, 44 Bar detectors, 43-44 observations with, 54 sensitivity and bandwidth, 52, 54 Bar-type gravity-wave detector, 44, 45 Baryon density, 90-92, 97 Baryons, 90 Beryllium, 122, 124 Big bang, initial singularity of, 65 Big-bang models, 60, 87-89 nucleosynthesis, 90-92 Binary pulsar, 14, 34-35, 39, 42-43 discovery of, 47 x-ray sources, 150
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From page 166...
... , 101, 103 Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis, 62, 6465, 72 Cosmic Ray Explorer, 6 Cosmic Ray Nuclei Experiment, 160 Cosmic rays, vii, 111 - 164 anomalous component, 132 connection with gamma and radio astronomy7 137 correlation between anisotropy and energy, 135 energy dependence of escape from galaxy, 133-134 energy spectra of, 118, 119 galactic, 132- 133 extragalactic versus, 117 ground-based experiments with, 7, 149155, 161-164 high-energy composition and spectra, 146-147 high-energy nuclear and particle physics and, 137- 142 highlights, 121-142 hydrogen in, 129 interest in, 113-114 isotope ratios and, 125 large underground detectors for, 163164 major discoveries in, 121-123 opportunities, 143-156 origin of, 131 overview, 115- 120 primary, 133 principal recommendations in, 6-7 recommendations, 157- 164 secondaries from light nuclei, 135- 136 secondary, 133 solar, 131 solar modulation of, 149 solar-system material versus, 115-116 space program in, 6-7, 143-149, 157-161 theory of, 155- 156, 164 Cosmic strings, decaying, 48 Cosmic-ray acceleration, 128 cascades, 120 detectors, nucleon decay experiments as, 138-139 electrons, 135-136 isotopes, galactic, 144-145 lifetime, 136- 137 luminosity, 128 Cosmic-Ray Composition Explorer, 158, 159 Cosmological constant, 74, 92 models alternative, 107 anisotropic, 94 Cosmology, vii, 83-110 features of, 85-86 Grand Unification Theories and, 98-99 ground-based studies in, 6, 104-106, 109 highlights, 90-100 opportunities, 101-107 particle physics and, 106 principal recommendations in, 5-6 recommendations for, 108- 110 research, 6 space program in, 5, 101 - 104
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From page 167...
... , 151, 163 E Earth-Moon distance, 17, 27, 30-31 Eclipse observations, 19 Einstein equations, 65-66, 77 nonlinearities in, 66 Electromagnetic field, 12 radiation, deflected, 19 signal retardation, 19-21 Electrons, cosmic-ray, 135- 136 Elementary particles, 88 Eotvos experiments, 1S, 17, 22 Equivalence principle, 15, 31 Escape length, cosmic-ray, 133 ETAP (Experimental Technical Assessment Panel) , 161 Euclidean functional integrals, 70 Expansion rate of universe, 103 Experimental Technical Assessment Panel (ETAP)
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From page 168...
... , 101 Ground-based studies in cosmic rays, 7, 149-155, 161-164 in cosmology, 6 continued, 104- 106 recommendations for, 109 in gravitation, 4, 81 GUTs, see Grand Unification Theories Gyroscopes, 24-26 H H-space, 66 Hamiltonian of supergravity, 69 Hawking radiation, 59, 60, 64, 69 Heavy Nuclei Collector, 160 Helium, observations of, 147 HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel) , 161 Higgs fields, 99 particles, 106 High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP)
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From page 169...
... , 152 "Magnetic" gravitational effects, 24-27 Magnetic monopoles, 99, 141-142, 153, 163 Mars Observer Mission, 29 Mass, missing, 86, 92, 96-98, 105-106 Mass-energy density, 87-88 Matter missing, 86, 92, 96-98, 105-106 properties of, 85 Megaparsec (Mpc) , 92 Mercury perihelion advance of, 21 range measurements to, 28 Metric hypothesis, 12- 13 nature of gravity, 3 Microwave background radiation, 85, 87, 89 absolute flux in, 93 anisotropy in, 95, 96 Millisecond pulsars, 46-47 Mis s ing matter, 86, 92, 96-98, 105- 106 Monopole and Cosmic Ray Observatory (MACRO)
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From page 170...
... for malism, 12-13 Precession frame-dragging, 24-25 geodetic, 25 periastron, 35 spin-orbit, 25 Precision Optical Interferometry in Space (POINTS) , 32-33, 81 Preferred-frame effects, 13 Primary cosmic rays, 133 Primeval galaxies, 102 Primordial blackbody radiation, 89 Proton decay, 99, 106 detectors, 153- 154, 163 as cosmic-ray detectors, 138-139 Rotating experiments, 138-139 Proton-proton cross section, 123 Protons, 88 Pulsar searches, 55 timing, 46-47 Pulsars, 39 binary, see Binary pulsar millisecond, 46-47 radio, 46 x-ray, 55 Q Quadrupole anisotropy, 94 moment, gravitational, of Sun, 33-34 radiation, 43 Quantum effects in early universe, 64-65 field theory in curved space-time, 69 particle creation by black holes, 64 theory of gravity, 59, 69-71, 73-75 Quantum-mechanical barrier penetration, 60 Quantum-nondemolition technique, 44 Quark-gluon phase, 140 plasma, 148 Quarks, 88 Quasars, 63 R Radar ranging, see Range measurements Radio pulsar, 46 Radio sources, extragalactic, 93 Radio-interferometric techniques, 19 Range measurements to Mercury, 4, 28 to Moon, 4, 17, 27, 30-31, 80 solar-system, 4, 27-28, 80 to Viking Landers on Mars, 28-29 Rapid reprocess, 124, 125-126 Redshift effect, gravitational, 17-18 Redshifts, galaxy, 94-95 Relativity, 59 general, see General relativity solar-system tests of, 77-78 Relativity Gyroscope Experiment (GPB)
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From page 171...
... , 54 Superconducting Magnetic Spectrometer Facility, 158- 159 Superconducting Super Collider, 5 Supergravity, 71 Hamiltonian of, 69 Supermassive black holes, 63 Supernova shock waves, 124 Supernovae, 38-39, 47, 103 Supersymmetric particle theories, 98 T Termination of cosmic-ray acceleration, 130-131 Time-reversal invariance, violation of, 78 Twistor theory, 66 U Ultraheavy elements, 145- 146 Ulysses spacecraft, 55, 149 Uniqueness Theorems, 63 Universe(s) closure density of, 39, 100 early, quantum effects in, 64-65 expansion rate of, 103 history of, 87, 88 inflationary, 94, 99-100 large-scale properties of, 92-94 local, 86 simple, 60 structure in, 94-96 uniqueness of, 85 V Very Long Baseline Array, 5, 109 Viking Landers, 20 range measurements to, 28-29 W Weber bars, 40 Wormholes, 74 X X-ray pulsars, 55 sources, binary, 150
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Key Terms

  • range measurements
  • gravitational waves
  • black holes
  • particle physics
  • cosmic ray

  • quadrupole moment
  • field theory
  • closure density
  • light deflection
  • viking landers

  • atomic time
  • quantum effects
  • ray observatory
  • laser interferometer
  • binary pulsar

  • time versus
  • space program
  • supersymmetric particle
  • expansion rate
  • versus atomic

  • exposure facility
  • twistor theory
  • ultraheavy elements
  • energy physics
  • baseline array

  • supernova shock
  • particle creation
  • deployable reflector
  • physics advisory
  • supermassive black


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