Supporting Research and Data Analysis in NASA's Science Programs Engines for Innovation and Synthesis (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Sources of Data and Method of Development
Appendix A: Sources of Data and Method of Development
Pages 69-89
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From page 69... ...
Although neither outcome is unethical, neither is likely to produce seminal discoveries. Finding: The median size of NASA research grants to universities decreased in constant FY 1995 dollars from $64,000 per year in FY 1986 to $59,000 in FY 1995 for the Office of Space Science disciplines, remained relatively flat at $79,000 for Earth science disciplines, and grew from $69,000 to $100,000 for life and microgravity science disciplines during the period from 1986 to 1995 (Section 4.4, Figure 4.3~.
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6.4 PARTICIPATION IN THE RESEARCH AND DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAMS The competition between academic research and research at NASA field centers is both intense and mutually supportive. In defining their appropriate roles, the task group fully endorses the following excerpt from the report of the Space Studies Board's Committee on the Future of Space Science: NASA requires in-house scientists for its space research, exploration, and technology programs.
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From page 71... ...
NASA is taking important first steps in this direction with full-cost accounting at its field centers, but much more than this is needed (see Section 4.5 i. There is a need for documentation and mappings between old account items and new items when change is necessary, for long-term tracking of classes of program support (e.g., instrument development, infrastructure, data analysis)
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One approach would be to itemize the following elements in the budget: theoretical investigations; new instrument development; exploratory or supporting groundbased and suborbital research; interpretation of data from individual or multiple space missions; management of data; support of U.S. investigators who participate in international missions; and education, outreach, and public information.
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Appendixes
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Table A.1 summarizes the ground-based elements of the NASA budget the principal focus of this study. Table A.2 summarizes the budget history for major NASA 1''Net space research" is a term used by the task group to indicate the research funded from an R&DA source as opposed to technology development, instrument development, and academic training that may be funded by other accounts.
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OES UAVs Total MO&DA (adjustedJ100.7 87.9 99.9111.5165.2 213.7 P&A excluding HST operations and servicing P&A in budget books38.9 45.3 61.468.1109.1 111.7 HST operations and servicing included Planetary61.8 42.6 38.543.456.1 67.0 OSS adjusted for HST operations and servicing OSS combined OSS in budget book Earth science 35.0 Total EOS Data and Information System (EOSDISJ Total Supporting Infrastructure4.5 4.3 7.58.916.2 17.6 OSSA Information Systems Office4.5 4.3 7.58.916.2 17.6 P&A information systems CIESIN OES information systems High-performance computing and communications Socio-Economic Data Applications Center Landsat Data purchases Commercial remote sensing Advanced geostationary studies
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SOURCES OF DATA AND METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT 73 Approp.
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Supporting infrastructure Science-related technology programs Academic programs Total Ground-based Programs in 1995 Dollars GDP Implicit Price Deflator ~ 1995 = 100) 376.5344.4 392.3 419.8 500.6 559.9 378.1320.1 0.00.0 65.267.3 164.5135.0 7.4 6.6 348.7350.2 0.00.0 70.874.5 147.1158.2 11.0 615.2 529.0 577.8 595.5 61.2 65.1 67.9 357.8359.2 0.00.0 80.680.1 226.9 22.3 23.5 687.6748.5 70.572.874.8 NOTE: CIESIN = Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network; EOS = Earth Observing System; GLOBE = Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment; HST = Hubble Space Telescope; MO&DA = mission operations and data analysis; 0ES = Office of Earth Sciences; 0LMSA = Office of Life and Microgravity Science and Applications; 0SS = Office of Space Science; 0SSA = Office of Space Science and Applications; P&A = physics and astronomy; SOFIA = Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy.
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SOURCES OF DATA AND METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT 75 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Approp.
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5.06.06.0 9.08.8 10.3 Mars Observer development 13.033.8 35.8 Mars Balloon Relay (Mars '94) Cassini development Discovery development Mars Surveyor program New Millennium ATD Origins ATD Exploration technology development Total Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications49.365.8113.9118.5 147.8140.4 151.7 Lifesciences12.714.024.023.0 27.132.1 30.0 Microgravity9.24.28.914.6 15.318.9 33.4 Shuttle and Spacelab payloads27.447.681.080.9 105.489.4 72.8 Space Station payloads and planning 15.5 Station research facilities (move to space station budget)
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SOURCES OF DATA AND METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT 77 Approp.
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147.4141.3 112.1 63.0103.7178.1227.2 Science-related technology programs0.00.0 29.5 35.561.8109.4109.6 Space station research facilities Total Major Flight Projects in639.7678.0 823.4 897.61106.81125.11073.6 1995 dollars GDP Pride Deflator61.265.1 67.9 70.572.874.877.2 NOTE: ACTS = Advanced Communications Technology Satellite; ATD = Advanced Technology Development; AXAF = Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility; EOS = Earth Observing System; GRO = Gamma Ray Observatory; HST = Hubble Space Telescope; ISPM = International Solar Polar Mission; TIMED = Thermo spheric Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics; UARS = Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite aData shown prior to FY 1997 are and were distributed in other budget elements.
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SOURCES OF DATA AND METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT 79 Approp.
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. DATA AND ANALYTICAL CATEGORIES FOR SUMMARIZING NASA AWARDS TO UNIVERSITIES NASA does not currently publish very much top-level summary data about the nature of its procurement awards for externally performed research, such as the average size of NASA contracts, their average duration, or their distribution by major fields of science.
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In the most recent fiscal year for which data were available for this study, FY 1995, 8,141 active contracts and grants were awarded to academic institutions.3 NASA's Green Books contain a wealth of information at the level of individual contracts and grants, including a specific contract or grant award number, the name of the receiving institution, its location by state, a brief descriptive title of the effort covered, the period of performance, the amount of funding obligations in the current fiscal year and cumulatively over the life of the award, the name of the principal investigators) , the names of the NASA contracting office and the NASA technical officer, and a standard government-wide designation (CASE code)
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44, Detailed Statistical Tables, NSF 97-302, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1997.
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RIS Instrument design and development Spacecraft design and development Technology Programs Technology development and application Technology transfer and commercialization Educational Programs (including outreachJ National Space Grant College awards Training grants IDD SDD RES Classified on the basis of technical descriptions Residual smaller grants not otherwise assigned to specific categories Includes flight instruments and advanced technology development Complete systems (e.g., GP-B, EUVE) TECH Classified on the basis of technical descriptions TTXR Includes facilities established specifically for technology transfer NSGC NOT Other educational and human resource development EDU Infrastructure and Program Support Operation of NASA research support facilities OPS Technical and engineering support Centers of excellence (institutional capabilities)
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ESTIMATE OF NET SPACE RESEARCH COMPONENT OF NASA RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS AWARDS The task group used the coding structure described above to categorize the large number and variety of contracts and grants awarded by NASA to universities and colleges to implement the agency' s broad array of programmatic responsibilities. This categorization offers a means for characterizing the uses of funds awarded in all NASA contracts and grants to the academic sector.
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