Pathological Gambling A Critical Review (1999) / Chapter Skim
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1: Introduction
1: Introduction
Pages 7-14
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From page 7... ...
The United States is now in the midst of a third era of widespread legalized gambling, which began in 1931 when Nevada relegalized casinos (Rose, 1986, 1995~. Initially, Americans in this era limited legal gambling opportunities to the Nevada casinos, charitable bingo, and pari-mutuel gambling, such as horse and dog track racing.
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Public support of this shift is beyond question, with over 80 percent of adults in the United States participating in various forms of commercial or state-sponsored gambling sometime during their lives. Collectively Americans wagered over $551 billion in 1997 in legal gambling activities (International Gaming and Wagering Business, 1998~.
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The committee's charge was to identify and analyze the full range of research studies that bear upon the nature of pathological and problem gambling, highlighting key issues and data sources that may provide scientific evidence of prevalence and multiple effects. In its review and assessment of the contemporary research on pathological and problem gambling, the committee examined the diverse and frequently debated issues regarding the conceptualization of pathological gambling, its prevalence and effects on individuals and society, its causes and cooccurrences with other psychiatric disorders and substance abuse, what we know about preventing and treating it, and the role of technology in the development of gambling.
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, a fictionalized account of his own experiences, writes of the cognitive distortions, loss of control and self-esteem, and hopelessness currently associated with clinical definitions of severe gambling problems. Many historians and other writers have noted patterns of behaviors that resemble current descriptions of clinical symptoms of gambling problems (e.g., Cotton, 1674; Stith, 1752; Dostoyevsky, 1866; France, 1902, Wildman, 1997; Rosenthal, 1998~.
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From page 11... ...
The self-help fellowship was founded on the belief that character changes within gamblers themselves were necessary to ameliorate problematic gambling and its effects, and that changes could be made by adopting spiritual principles used by those recovering from addictions (Gamblers Anonymous, 1997~. As the fellowship expanded, its now famous 20 questions became the de facto standard used to gauge whether or not gambling behaviors were compulsive (see Appendix A)
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Chapter 3 describes the prevalence of pathological gambling in the United States, making note of complications and limitations in the existing research. Chapter 4 assesses our understanding of the origins of pathological gambling.
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Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. International Gaming and Wagering Business 1998 The United States gross annual wager.
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1914 Analerotik, angstlust und eigesinn. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse 2:244-258.
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