Multimodal Transportation Planning Data Final Report (1997) / Chapter Skim
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2. Findings
2. Findings
Pages 11-130
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However, the development of a comprehensive, integrated data program should transcend jurisdictions so that all users can access information from a centralized source to meet their planning needs. (Data NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 11 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Department of Transportation, Identification of Trarlsporfatiorl Planning Data Requirements in Federal Legislation, DOT-T-9421, July 1994. NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 12 Project 8-32~5)
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~_ ·=,_~~-an,- ,, ·-en NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 13 Project 8-32(5) Planning Data
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NCHR~-Multimodal Transportation 15 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data . 16 Project 8-32(5)
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Summary of MPO and Sfate-DOT Information Requirements-The planning requirements discussed above imply important changes with respect to the tools and information that are employed by transportation planners. Some of the data needs for multimodal planning efforts include the following: data from traffic data analysis including data from HPMS and the Traffic Monitoring System; data resulting from arty management systems identifying statewide transportation needs, including data on physical facilities and system performance; NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 17 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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The development of emission inventories for transportation-related sources is the responsibility of both MPOs and a state's department of environmental quality. MPOs usually are responsible for developing emission NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 18 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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These inputs include, but are not limited to, the following: VMT bY vehicle class: annual NCHR~ Multimodal Transportation 19 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Planning Data
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Some MPOs, for instance, will not need to conduct conformity analyses, nor will they be required to develop a CMS. Consequently, one of the most pertinent questions that a planning agency must respond to is "what are the planning requirements given the region's population and NCNRP-Multimodal Transportation 21 Planning Data Project S-32 (5)
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:; Exhibit 3 Conformity Planning 1 1 Determine Technical Methodology & Model Assumptions | Project I ~NO I Submissions in TIP I ~Scant Proj~, . 1 ~1 | Verify i: I areinPlan | ~ r Submit to Interagency Consultation Group Revise Methodology if Necessary Send to Appropriate Federal Agencies for Review Perform Technical Model Analysis & Produce Emissions , Share Results with Committees & Public Prepare Final TIP & Conformity Determination Projects for "Review" & Programmatically Conforming (PC)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 23 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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12. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 24 Project8-32(5)
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The business model is developed NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 25 Project 8-32(5)
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Exhibit 4 Process Methodology Framework Current information System Problems & News ~ Requirements Current Organization Structure . ~ New ~r ~ Information L ~- New ~ System J ~Organization |
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Shaded ovals represent major tasks comprising the strategic assessment of transportation data needs
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 28 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Exhibit 6 Business Mocle' Steps 1 ,6 _ 3 ,~ 4 as 6 1 PLANNING _ PROCESS DATA MODEL
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At this point in the Business Model process, the existing organizational strategy has been evaluated and it is possible to assess, via the strategy-function matrix, which organizational needs are not being NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 30 Planning Data Project 8-32~5J
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Exhlblt ~ Goal Analysis Steps DeOne ~ Coals j 1 ~ identify I issues j .
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Exhibit 8 Strategy-Function Matrix ....
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 33 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Exhibit 9 Information Needs Steps INTERNAL APPRAISAL ASSESS INFOMRATION NEEDS ~EXTERNAL APPRAISAL \ ~ - Environmental Scanning - Stakholder Analysis Technology Assessment ~_ EVALUATE STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES Strategic Gap Analysis Select Strategies - Develop Strategic Statements
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Op.Cit. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 35 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Differences largely stem from the spatial context of transportation needs and differences in state and MPO functions. MPOs focus on transportation strategies that solve local problems within the metropolitan area, often from the perspective of demand management and NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 36 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Application of the Business Model ensures that a comprehensive and integrated multimodal transportation planning data program is developed. 2.1.3.1 Sample MPO Data Needs This subsection assesses data needs associated with one of the primary planning ob jectives of MPOs: improving system efficient bv improving con~.~tinn m~n~em~nt ~ ~ , , , ~ =, ~ .
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Exhibit 10 Link Between State-DOT and MPO Planning Objectives _ _ Transportation System ,_ ~3
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Such strategies include measures that promote shifts from single occupancy vehicles to high occupancy vehicles, improvements in traffic management tiDeakin Harvey Skabardonis, A Manual of Regional Transportation Modeling Practicefor Air Quality Analysts for the National Association of Regional Councils, July 1993. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 39 Planning Data Proyect 8-32¢5)
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Exhibit ~ ~ Components of Conventional 4-Step Moclels Regional Economics & Regional Demographics Sub-Regional Distributions: Population by Income Level Economic Activity Auto Ownership Number of Trips _ ~- ~ ~ ~Equlibration _ 1 ' ~ 1' t Trip Disl tribution <_ Mode Choice 1, ~ Peaking Characteristics Traffic Assignment to Networks 1 ~1 Calculation of Impacts Source: Deakin Harvey Skabardonis, A Manual of Regional Transportation Modeling Practice for Air Quality Analysis, for the National Association of Regional Councils, July 1 993.
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NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 41 Planning Data -Project 8-32(5)
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First, the 1990 CAAA specify the following TCMs for consideration in the development of the transportation portion of State Implementation Plans for severe and extreme ozone nonattainment areas and serious carbon monoxide nonattainment areas: programs for improved public transit, HOV NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 42 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Exhibit 12 Cement Strategies Category 1 -Strategy Classic Demand Management Operational Management Capital Intensive Improvements Transportation Demand Management Measures Measures to Encourage HOV Use Public Transit Operational Improvements Measures to Encourge Non-Motorized Modes Congestion Pricing Growth Management Traffic Operational Improvements Access Management Techniques Incident Management Techniques Intelligent Transportation Systems Addition of General Purpose Lanes Public Transit Capital Improvements l strategies · · ~ ... Carpooling Vanpooling Alternate work hours Telecommuting Parking management HOV lanes HOV ramp bypass lanes Guaranteed ride home program Employer trip reduction program Service enhancement or expansion Traffic signal preemption Fare reductions Transit information systems Bicycle facilities Pedestrian facilities Ferry service Congestion pricing Land Use Policies/Regulations Design Standards Location of jobs and housing Intersection and roadway widening Channelization Traffic surveilance and control systems Motorist information systems Ramp metering Traffic control centers Computerized signal systems Driveway control Median control Detection Response Clearance Information/routing Advanced Traffic Management Systems Advanced Traveler Information Systems Advanced Public Transportation Systems Advanced Vehicle Control Systems Freeway lanes Arterial lanes Exclusive rights-of-way Bus bypass ramps Park-n-ride and mode change facilities Paratransit services
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For instance, MPOs that are in nonattainment of air quality standards may have divisions that focus on NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 44 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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15259 . , Consistency Evaluation Planning Process & TIP Development CMS System Performance Analysis Estimated Congestion Levels 1 Congestion Management Strategies .
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Planning Data
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~-~i=s'~}~-..~! ~¢i>~-,~91¢,<~ ~1 Highway System: ~ Number of vehicles using HOV Person hours of delay Lane miles I lanes Vehicle hours of delay Lane miles of HOV | Number of persons using HOV | Average Speed Capacity | lanes | Peak period speed Functional Class I Duration of peak period I Average travel time: Portion of system congested | VMT distribution by trip length | Peak and off peek ll Nature & location of | % VMT by operating mode | % of travel congested/delayed || construction | % VMT by vehicle class | Parking cost ll Location/duration of incidents | Number of trips: starts & parks | Running speeds by hour of day, || | Park duration | rea type and facility type Transit System: I VMT by hour I Travel time Vehicle hours | Number of vehicles by class | Travel time by trip purpose Vehicle miles | Age distribution of vehicle fleet I Trip length by trip purpose Routes | Trips by vehicle class | Trip cost by trip purpose Riders | Increase in trips of one purpose | Garages | as a result of a TOM l Park & ride lots | Amount of vehicle idling time I .
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 49 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Details will be given as to the specific strategies and data needs that should be addressed in order to successfully meet this objective. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 50 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Three major sub-objectives further focus planning activities associated with meeting mobility needs: satisfy intercity mobility needs, · satisfy metropolitan areas' mobility needs; and O NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 51 Project S-32~5) Planning Data
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Planning Data
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to meet growing demand, capacity expansion, and transit service expansion. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 53 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Analytical requirements associated with the establishment of asset-based management systems will draw on conventional engineering tools and processes. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 54 Project8-32~5)
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a, · ct o ~ · · v so ~ o A, t is ~ ~ .~o · - ct ~ ~ hi ~ o ~ hi ·= ~ ~ · - by en ~ fi ~ en en o C)
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I, the myriad of data needed for transportation planning evolves from the multiple objectives inherent in this planning, the strategies employed to meet these objectives, and the information needed to implement these strategies and to analyze the tradeoffs among conflicting objectives and strategies. The broad objective of transportation planning is to provide spatial access of people and goods to other locations consistent with the following constraints: economic efficiency and resource affordability; safety, health, and welfare of the population; preservation of desirable physical and cultural environments; and NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 57 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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The primary objective of Task 2 is to describe current data organization frameworks employed by MPOs and state-DOTs for transportation planning purposes, and to suggest new frameworks that fully reflect the planning and data requirements associated with collaborative, comprehensive multimodal planning. Some of the major conclusions of analyses conducted under Task 2 are described below.
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This section defines and evaluates current data organization frameworks and proposes a Data Program that transcends data needs assessment and data organization issues. Section 2.2.1 evaluates current data organization frameworks employed in existing planning processes and discusses activities on the part of transportation planners related to meeting the planning and policy requirements of Federal legislation.
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Exhibit 17 List of MPO Survey Respondents ~ a ~ ..
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The response of agencies to new requirements has focused on the development of new travel demand models necessary for strategy evaluation and implementation. New analysis methodologies have led to the revision of current data organization frameworks to ensure that data needed to support new analytical tools are part of agency-specif1c data programs.
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slated for implementation by jurisdictions. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 62 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Exhibit 18 Views of Data Organization within the Planning Process 1 1 CURRENT / Mission 2 Fission 3 \ Agency __ _ Agency / MISSION it' Mission ~/ MISSION of/ / / MISSION _ Agency ) ~ _ ,_ PUT Agency \ Agency ~ /Agerlcy J ISTEA MISSION Using Business Model to Coordinate Mission and Planning Objectives _ ~ Shared Data and Organization
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Third, data maintenance and organization have evolved over time to address specific planning responsibilities, or specific requests for information. The planning agencies described above simply do not share a unified view of their NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 64 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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The lack of coordination creates significant obstacles to achieving planning objectives, causes wasteful uses of scarce resources, and results with the development and implementation of conflicting transportation strategies. Exhibit 1 9 summarizes the generic data organization framework currently employed by transportation planning agencies.
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Exhibit 19 Current Data Organization Components System Maintenance & · Plan Development Plan & System Evaluation Travel Simulation Model DevelopmenVCalibration 1 -- I- 1 Travel Simulation Model Validation
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In general, this component of the current organization framework is characterized by the following: · the validation process is designed to check aggregate statistics of system usage that can be verified by model outputs (e.g., average trip distance, average daily volumes, cordon counts, etc.) ; NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 67 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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This reactive approach, however, has done little to resolve the fundamental data coordination and integration problems that characterize current frameworks. The focus of activity on the pert ofplanners toward changing modeling paradigms reflects the process-based philosophy that has dominated the practice NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 68 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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These demands, in turn, directly impact the travel model development, calibration, and validation components of current data organization frameworks. Changes to the 4step process include the following: the development of feedback mechanisms to account for the impact of transportation on land-use decisions; the interaction of travel demand models with air quality models; the effect of TOM strategies on travel demand and emissions; the inclusion of nonmotorizedmodes of travel; the interface between regionalmodels end traffic simulation models; and the effect of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
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As a result, the communication between the two can only be achieved after post-processing output from the NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 70 Planning Dana Project 8-32¢5)
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Typical data used include comparative shares and growth rates of industries by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code, and/or data on earnings, income, land NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 71 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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on major arterials within and outside the CBD, the land use mix for high and moderate densities, the building setbacks, the transit stop conditions (presence or absence of NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 72 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Speed variations within the same link can be further simulated by breaking down individual links into NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 73 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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Moreover, these new voluminous data requirements will motivate the development of new data organization frameworks. An interesting question for the development of ITS, in addition to the technical challenges, is whether ITS should be devised in an integrated manner to achieve the synergistic goals of an integrated system (a top-down approach)
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To improve urban goods movement it is necessary to understand the nature of the NCHRP- Multimodal Transportation 75 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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The data flow among different modules of TRANSIMS may be summarized as follows: NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 76 Project 8-32(5) Planning Data
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Summary of the Effects of Changes on the Current Data Organization Framework-The changes described above are stressing current data organization frameworks and data collection activities. First, new data are required for the development of new modeling tools that build on the conventional 4-step travel modeling process.
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~ Travel Simulation Model DevelopmenVCalibration Travel Simulation Model Validation .
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40, 42. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 79 Project 8-32(5)
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These models require input data on commodity flows for a historical period, or cross-sectional data, with sufficient observations to fit the parameters with an acceptable degree of confidence. The problem of course is the lack of time series or cross-sectional data at the node-to-node level (e.g., NCHRP- Multimodal Transportation 80 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 81 Project8-32~5) Planning Data
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These adjustments are based on any information available on prospective shifts in production sources, especially for natural resource based minerals, forest products and agricultural products. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 82 Project 8-32(5)
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NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 83 Project 8-32~5) Planning Data
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NCHRP-Mu~itnodalTransportation 84 Project8-32(5) Planning Data
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Department of Transportation, Urban Transportation Planning for Goods and Services: A Reference Guide June 1979. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 85 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 86 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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= ·~ ~q if: ¢' hi: :~ ~: it: ~ zc ic)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 88 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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1992. NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 89 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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o it ~ to CJ CJ to ~ lo to ~ t-o .
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Consequently, current data programs and organization Dameworks have been developed by transportation planners in reaction to disparate planning analyses that vary why modal issues and across planning agencies. This reactive approach has resulted in data programs Nat are plagued by problems associated with data coordination, consistency, arid redundancy.
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Data organization frameworks are the subject of Task 2, and a proposed framework is described later in this sub-section. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 92 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Hi ~ o Cad [L · - ~ Q {8 ·- ITS S ~ X ' a)
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.. ~ , Data Needs Assessment Data Organization Data Collection l Data Dissemination 1 r Business Mode!
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Data collection activities should parallel elements of the Data Organization framework. The Data Collection component ofthe proposed Data Program is also addressed by Task 4 ofthis study since that task requires the development of a Compendium of data collection practices to identify innovative techniques that enhance the planning process, and by Task 5 of this study where the economics of data collection activities is addressed.
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Thus, it is import that the data items be collected in a manner that ensures that different NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 96 Project 8-32(5)
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NCHRP - Multimodal Transportation 98 Project8-32~5J Planning Data
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entitled Multimodal Transporatation Planning Data, project 8-32 (51. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 99 Project8-32~5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 100 Project 8-32(5)
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(Of course, the NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 101 Project 8-32(5) Planning Data
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Planning Data
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2.3.~.2 Performance Performance measures reflect the interaction of supply and demand in providing efficient transport service. Desired service levels are to some extent subjective since tradeoffs exist among the service NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 103 Project 8-32(5)
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NCHRP MuldmodFalTransportation 104 Project8-32~5) Planning Data
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,MultimodalTransportation: Development of a Performance-Based Planning Process. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 105 Project 8-32(5)
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However, most of the data needed on supply, performance and system impacts are available internally, can be collected in a NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 106 Project8-32(5J Planning Data
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17-21, 165-192. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 107 Project 8-32¢5)
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Planning Data
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. ~ NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 109 Project 8-32(5)
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Planning Data
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assess similarities and differences and the needs for consistent data for multimodal planning; NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 111 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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NON-LINEAR FORMAT OF DATA PROGRAM data Pro ram ~ _ . _ , ~ NCHRP- Multimodal Transportation 112 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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This need has given rise to various data l NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 113 Project8-32(5) Planning Data
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NCHRP-Multimodal Transpor~or' 114 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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For example, an integrated multimodal information system might include one file with port berthing information and NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 115 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 116 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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~ . Planning Data
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42. NCHRP-Multimodal Transportatwn 118 Planning Data Project 8-32~5J
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NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation 119 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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, as well NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 120 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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Purpose and Goals The framework is a basic, consistent set of digital geospatial data and supporting services that will: Provide a geospatial foundation to which an organization may add detail and attach attribute information Provide a base on which an organization can accurately register and compile other themes of data Orient and link the results of an application to the landscape The framework should be widely used and widely useful: Framework data should be data you can trust and should be certified as complying with standards Framework data should be the best data available NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 121 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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NCHRP MulI-imodal Transportation Planning Data 122 Project 8-32(5)
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There are four phases of this research effort. Phase A has resulted in the following: NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 123 Project 8-32(5)
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7-9. NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 124 Planning Data Project 8-32~5)
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NCHRP-Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 125 Project 8-32(5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Tr~sporta~on 126 Planning Data Project 8-32(5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation 127 Project 8-32~5J Planning Data
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In this system the analytical tools reside as modules within the GIS as NCHRP MultimodalTransportation 128 Project8-32~5) Planning Data
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and GIS-T- Although many ITS developers claim that GIS is inadequate for their needs, areas have been identified where the NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 129 Project 8-32~5)
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NCHRP Multimodal Transportation Planning Data 130 Project 8-32~5)
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