Reducing Disaster Losses Through Better Information (1999) / Chapter Skim
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3 Benefits and Challenges of an Integrated Disaster Information Network
3 Benefits and Challenges of an Integrated Disaster Information Network
Pages 25-37
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Some information systems that are already in operation demonstrate the potential for integrating real-time data with archival information in dynamic models to arm decision makers with powerful tools. The following systems described in boxes 3-1 to 3-4, which were presented at the lune 1998 Board on Natural Disasters workshop as working examples, demonstrate the power of such systems in specific applications and indicate the potential benefits that could be realized with a national or global disaster information system.
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26 Reducing Disaster Losses Through Better Information
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Federal investment in research and other programs is creating vast amounts of physical, scientific, histori Benefits and Challenges of an Integrated Disaster Information Network 27
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phases of the disaster management cycle. Potential users, other than the agency and program stakeholders for whom the information was developed, are often hampered 28 Reducing Disaster Losses Through Better Information
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Disaster information network consensus standards would allow more effi Benefits and Challenges of an Integrated Disaster Information Network 29
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This poses particular problems for the disaster management community, which requires not only rapid access information but also a high level of confidence in the integrity of the data and information received. Addressing this issue wig require a combination of organizational mechanisms that can develop criteria for quality standards and technical approaches, such as digital certificates that can verify sources of information and validate content.
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These tools might also include quality assurance routines analogous to filtering software to ensure information reliability. While a private nonprofit organization in cooperation with government agencies may sponsor the development of selected tools for specific users, the information system should empower entrepreneurs to create innovative user-serving products and tools with commercial value.
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Smaller underfunded jurisdictions will have available at a more reasonable cost information and tools to assist in decision making. Similarly, the network could allow nongovernmental entities to have access to an integrated information base to better support emergency management decisions.
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For example, it is now feasible for insurers to evaluate the impact of different exposure levels on both expected losses and maximum possible losses by simulating a wide range of different estimates of seismic events using data generated by scientific experts. Similar studies can be undertaken to evaluate the costs and benefits of mitigation measures.
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It is important to determine the types of information that should be presented to potential users on what scientists know about the risks associated with specific natural hazards (e.g., the probability of a particular disaster occurring, the nature of the losses with and without specific mitigation measures)
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To illustrate the nested decision structure, consider the challenges associated with reducing disaster losses through mitigation measures. Relatively few property owners adopt Toss reduction measures even if they are relatively inexpensive and promise to yield sufficient benefits to justify the cost.
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They are supported implicitly by current owners who want to sell the property at as high a price 36 Reducing Disaster Losses Through Better Information
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These interacting self-interests and nested decision-making structures must be taken into account in effective dissemination of disaster information. Benefits and Challenges of an Integrated Disaster Information Network 37
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