The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Control, Occurrence, and Identification
Pages 23-39

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 23... ... Given the metabolic capacities likely to be involved, it is prudent to regard any N-substituted aromatic compound as a potential aromatic amine. In general, aromatic amine derivatives to which humans might be exposed are either synthesized intentionally for some specif ic commercial use or produced by enzymic reduction of aromatic nitro or azo compounds or are formed inadver ten tly as byproducts in processes apparently d irectly or ind irectly related to combustion . Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... Amines are integral to the following compounds: dyes o antioxida nts 0 polymers 0 explos Ives 0 pesticides pharmacologic Byproducts and Combustion Processes In contrast to the often large-scale industrial synthesis, aromatic amines are also produced inadvertently in low concentra Lions a s byproducts of processes that expose organic mater ials to elevated atmospher ic temperatures . The combustion of organic materials can generate aromatic amine derivatives by two dif ferent mechanisms. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... and subsequent discussion by several authors agreed that most of the observed mutagenic activity resulting from many different samples derived from coal, shale-derived oil, and petroleum crudes, could be attributed to an alkaline isolate fraction constituting only a fraction of a percent of the sample mass. These samples contained (among other things) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... The mutagenicity of these materials in Salmonella typhimurium are decreased if tested in strains that are deficient in the ability to be reverted to prototrophy by arylnitro compounds. Emus, the population may be exposed to arylamine precursors from several noncommercial sources (Lofroth, 1978~: o tobacco smoke, 0 food pyrolysates, 0 synthetic fuels, o internal combustion engines, o atmospher ic particulates, and o fossil fuel-f ired power plants. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... GENERAL ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Aniline � E~-cresidine, 2, 4-diaminotoluene, and MOCA [4,4 '-methylene-bis (2-chloroaniline) ~ are primary aromatic amines and should respond to the following general analytic procedures. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... Fluram is sa id to react only with aromatic amines in a glacial acetic acid medium. The reaction can be performed directly on TLC plates to add specif icity to the measurement, and the yellow product can be quanti ta Lively eluted from the TLC plates . Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... investigated TLC separations of 128 dif ferently substituted aromatic amines and their 2, 4-dinitrophenyl der ivatives . Tree solvent systems were used and 29 Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... (1978) in experiments with soap TLC studied the behavior of 35 primary aromatic amines on layers of silanized silica gel alone or impregnated with 2% or 4% triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... S-m glass column packed with 10% SE-30 on Chromosorb P AW DMCS and a 63Ni EC detector; sensitivities were reported in the picogram range. Nony and Bowman (1978 , 1980 ~ adapted the method of Walle and Ehrsson (1970) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... used both EC and N/P detectors to assay for trace levels of 3, 3 ' -dichlorobenzidine in animal feed, wastewater, and human urine. The use of cleanup procedures using XAD 2, silica gel, and/or liquid-liquid partitioning permitted the detection of low ppb levels of the compound in feed and low ppt levels in wastewater and human urine. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Nony and Ian (1980) reported HPLC Cathode for ~ variety of aromatic airlines and related oompounde in hamster and human urine using ~ acndepak Call column, Fixtures of "t~hanol-phosphate buffer {pE 6) Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... Techn iques such as color imetry, TLC, GO, HPLC, and MS have been used to analyze pr imary aromatic amines . Modif ications of sampling and cleanup procedures may be required for different substrates, and techniques must be instituted to ensure adequate measurements of the more volatile compounds, such as aniline. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... 1980. Isolation and identif ication of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic amines in synthetic crude oils. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 1978 . Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Facile formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... 1977. Trace analysis of 3,3'~dichlorobenzidine in animal chow, wa~tewater and human urine by three gas chromatographic procedures. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 1980. Trace analysis of potentially carcinogenic metabolites of an azo dye and pigment in hamster and human urine as determined by two chromatographic procedures. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... 1970 . Quantitative gas chromatograpic determination of picogram quantities of amino and alcoholic compounds by electron capture detection. Read the entire page →

From page 23...

... Given the metabolic capacities likely to be involved, it is prudent to regard any N-substituted aromatic compound as a potential aromatic amine. In general, aromatic amine derivatives to which humans might be exposed are either synthesized intentionally for some specif ic commercial use or produced by enzymic reduction of aromatic nitro or azo compounds or are formed inadver ten tly as byproducts in processes apparently d irectly or ind irectly related to combustion .

Control, Occurrence, and Identification Pages 23-39

Control, Occurrence, and Identification
Pages 23-39