Advancing The Principles of The Prevention Through People Program (1997) / Chapter Skim
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3 Improving The Technical Basis For The Prevention Through People Program
3 Improving The Technical Basis For The Prevention Through People Program
Pages 23-42
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From page 23... ...
The suggested "development activities." arc ns fallows nf~nr_micc/in~iri~nt rr~r~nl~tir~~ ~al..~t;~ and dissemination; PTP information dissemination strate~ie.s ^ Shiv-~ I_ ~ _~VA I ~ ~ ~ ~1~1~11~ - ~ accident reporting and evaluation; organizational self-assessment Instruments; risk analysis and management; annual PTP conferences; data utilization; and cooperative best practices. The subcommittee assessed the potential contribution of these activities to the PTP program.
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From page 24... ...
For example, it could provide early warnings of potential degradation in the system safety provide symptomatic indications of the causes and sources of system safety degradation promote understanding of Vitiating, contributing, and compounding causes · derive benefits from the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) (a nearmiss reporting system for the aviation industry)
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From page 25... ...
TABLE 3-! Development Activities and Their Capacity for Strengthening the Technical Basis for achieving PTP Goals P T P G 0 a I s Know M ore Train M ore Do M ore Offer M ore Cooperate M ore Testbed platform p to je c ts G sidelines for incorporating PTP into perform ance a p p ra is a I Identification of effective incentive and disincentive system s Developm ent and adoption of H um an Factor Engineering design guidelines for vessel design Note: O ROD pro ject does not support that PTP goal and accom partying ob jectives.
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From page 26... ...
The American Airlines ASAP creates an official ASRS report for anyone reporting to the airline's system, thereby ensuring federal protection from legal enforcement action provided by the ASRS and, in addition, allowing for system-wide problems to be tracked by the ASRS. Instituting a near-miss reporting system in the marine community, although in the opinion of the subcommittee is virtually a requirement for implementing the PTP program, will be difficult, partly because of the relatively small size of marine companies compared with commercial aviation companies.
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. 27 Strategies for disseminating PTP information to Coast Guard personnel and industry, including mariners, will be critical to the success of the PTP program.
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Also, a methodology using root cause (or root factor) analysis, tailored for the marine industry and taking legal issues into account, could be developed.
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To the extent that the maritime community needs a beKer understanding of the underlying principles of the STCW before adopting them, the Coast Guard's role could be to aid in this increased understanding. Furthermore, the subcommittee believes that a corollary objective to "develop and promulgate understandable STCW implementation guidance to the field" (U.S.
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From page 30... ...
education courses. The subcommittee recognizes that the objective of infusing human element issues into all maritime training and education courses is very broad, but the subcommittee believes Mat this objective is worthwhile and that there are a number of steps that can be taken to achieve it.
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From page 31... ...
dissemination of lessons opportunities to conduct trend analyses and indications indices of relative performance of industry sectors and components feedback on the effectiveness of processes and measures of risk management For an undertaking of this magnitude, it might be beneficial to create a standing group whose mission is to continually improve the measurement and analytical techniques of accident review and root cause analysis. Active participation of industry members and classification societies, as well as representatives from the marine insurance community, would be useful.
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From page 32... ...
Marine risk analysis should address, in an integrated and realistic manner, all relevant components of a marine system-including the operating personnel, organizations, procedures, hardware and equipment, environments and the interfaces and interactions of these components. The risk analysis should address the life-cycle phases of marine systems, including design, construction, operation, and maintenance.
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From page 33... ...
Experience from other industries could be studied to determine how best to integrate human and organizational factors into the risk analysis and risk management processes used by the maritime industry. The subcommittee notes the Coast Guard's initial use of risk assessment methods in the Marine Safety Evaluation Program for determining alternative regulatory compliance with Coast Guard regulations.
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From page 34... ...
Advancing the Principles of the PTP Program The subcommittee suggests that this objective be extended to read, "focus Coast Guard preventive programs to avoid duplication and to implement PTP." Objective 3.
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Forms 835 and 2692 should be reviewed to determine if any revision is required in light of the PTP program or to allow for the reporting of human element and organizational factors. A form in addition to form 835 may be required because form 835 has some legal implications (for example, the captain is responsible for corrections and fixes required by form 835; however, if, for example, there is an organizational deficiency, this deficiency cannot be corrected by the captain)
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From page 36... ...
Another model for an annual conference is one with open attendance, such as the annual conference of the Center to Protect Worker Rights, which has stimulated ideas for reducing injuries and has led to action by some companies. The exchange of information is critical to the success of the PTP program.
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From page 37... ...
The Coast Guard could then establish systematic partnership programs with industry. Insofar as reinforcing safe attitudes is a key to promoting safe behavior, the PTP program will benefit from greater recognition of partnerships and efforts to improve safe practices (e.g., partnerships with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the Volunteer Prevention Program)
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1989. Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis.
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In Proceedings of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Twenty-First Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting, Vol.
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1993. Risk analysis and risk management for offshore platforms: Lessons learned from the Piper Alpha accident.
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1983. Handbook of Human Reliability Analysis with Emphasis on Nuclear Power Plant Applications.
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1991. On the inclusion of organizational and management factors into PRA of nuclear power plants.
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