Lead in the Americas A Call for Action (1996) / Chapter Skim
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3 Session A: Keynote Address
3 Session A: Keynote Address
Pages 49-56
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SESSION A Keynote Address
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From page 51... ...
As shown in Table 3-l, emissions of lead into air, water, and soil are higher than those of any other toxic metal, and the mobilization of toxic metals into the environment exceeds the total toxic burden of all radioactive and organic waste (Nriagu and Pacyna, 1988~. There is convincing evidence, however, that the total annual consumption of about 8.9 million tons of newly mined lead, as well as similar TABLE 3-1 WOrId Mew EmiSSiOnS into Water, SO;I, and Air (in kilograms Per Year)
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From page 52... ...
As a result of the growing evidentiary base linking occupational lead exposures to adverse health outcomes, guidance values for biological monitoring and guidelines for health surveillance of workers potentially exposed were established in Finland (Hernberg, 19951. Further preventive actions included setting a lower exposure limit for workroom air (0.l mg/m3)
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From page 53... ...
Since only about five industries are now responsible for 99 percent of the industrial lead emissions, the possibility for further reduction in environmental lead burden is excellent. MANAGEMENT OF LEAD HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE OF DEVEEOPING AND NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES Although systematic data, particularly on lead exposures in the developing world, are not widely available, there is sporadic evidence that suggests both a high prevalence and intensity of lead-related health problems in developing and newly industrialized countries.
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From page 54... ...
These examples demonstrate clearly that lead poisoning remains a major occupational health and environmental problem in many parts of the world, despite the availability of relatively simple preventive educational and control measures that could bring about a clear reduction in exposures and in adverse health effects in most of these populations in a relatively short time.
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From page 55... ...
In developing countries, identification of lead problems has, in most instances, brought effective preventive measures and regulatory actions (East African Regional Programme on Occupational Health and Safety, 1991~. Often, simple precautions such as adding ventilation and local exhausts, or health education, have brought about dramatic reductions in blood lead levels.
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From page 56... ...
· Introduce hygienic work practices in high-risk work environments and make personal protectors available. · Monitor work environments and workers to identify exposed individuals and assess the effect of preventive and control measures.
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