Maximizing U.S. Interests in Science and Technology Relations with Japan: Report of the Defense Task Force (1995) / Chapter Skim
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5 U.S.-JAPAN COOPERATION IN DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGIES: PURSUING OPPORTUNITIES. . .
5 U.S.-JAPAN COOPERATION IN DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGIES: PURSUING OPPORTUNITIES. . .
Pages 56-73
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From page 56... ...
ACCESSING JAPANESE COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR U.S. DEFENSE NEEDS As discussed in Chapter 3, Japan's spending on defense technology development is very low relative to its total defense budget and the size of its overall R&D enterprise.
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See Matthew Rubiner, U.S. Industry and Government Views on Defense Technology Cooperation with Japan: Findings of the MIT Japan Program Survey, 1994.
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companies active in this field, Japanese companies were mentioned most frequently as major foreign competitors.6 Japanese companies built their composites capabilities by focusing on sporting goods and other commercial applications but are now internationally competitive in aerospace applications as well.7 Japanese companies are focused on a number of process technology advances in composites with both commercial and military applications (see Table 5-2)
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A large part of Japan's success in this area may be the result of work practices that may be difficult to institute in the United States. Ceramic Fiber Manufacturing Ceramic composite materials development is a key enabling technology for future high speed commercial engines.
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firms have abandoned due to uncertain short-term commercial prospects. Ceramic composite materials development is a key enabling technology for future high-speed commercial engines.
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Representative examples include compact disk players, fax machines, and hancI-held video cameras. As in advanced composites, U.S.
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companies that is developing applications for gra(le(lindex plastic optical fiber, a technology licensed from a Japanese inventor, with support from ARPA. Incorporating Japanese Commercial Technologies and Capabilities into U.S.
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and Newport News Shipbuilding, a promising example described below and in Appendix B
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This consortium is not part of the Technology Reinvestment Project that ARPA plays a leading role in administering. 'This material is drawn from Business Week, June 5, 1995, and communication with Boston Optical Fiber, June 1 995.
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For one thing, Boston Optical Fiber was dealing with an individual inventor. It is relatively rare for cutting-edge inventions to be controlled by individual inventors in Japan, and more common for large Japanese companies to seek crosslicensing or technology in return for technology rather than an arms-length license for their breakthrough inventions.
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Newport News' large manufacturing capacity will enhance the competitive position of consortia in which it participates, particularly for large projects. IHI also perceived Newport News as having significant political influence within the U.S.
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23U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Industrial Resource Administration, The Effect of Imports of Ceramic Semiconductor Packages on the National Security: An Investigation Conducted Under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, 1993~.
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VII-3. 27These objections are drawn mainly from Claude Barfield, "Flat Panel Displays: A Second Look," Issues in Science and Technology Winter 1994-95, pp.
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29"0fficials from several government agencies told us that Japanese companies were engaged in tying practices between 1987 and 1989. One agency official stated that his office brought up the issue of tying 9 to 10 times during consultations with the Japanese government and allied the government to encourage Japanese compames to discontinue these practices.
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However, Japanese companies remain dominant in many areas of the semiconductor and semiconductor equipment industry (Figure 5-~. In the area of lithography equipment, which is critical for semiconductor manufacturing, U.S.
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In the fixture, more extensive steps might be necessary to ensure a domestic production base in areas where dependence is unacceptable. In areas where dependence on Japan brings substantial benefits with acceptable risks, it might be necessary to pursue specific guarantees from Japanese producers and the Japanese government that U.S.
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E ZuRo ski, JTEC Panel Report on Space and Transatmospheric Propulsion Technology (Loyola, Md.: Japanese Technology Evaluation Center, 1990)
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curing meetings in Japan in November 1994 that there appears to be strong and fairly broad support for such a system. Finally, in contrast to theater missile defense, where much of the Japanese procurement could go toward buying or licensing American equipment, an indigenous reconnaissance satellite system could advance Japan's security goals while providing a bigger boost for industry.
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