Integrated Urban Models for Simulation of Transit and Land-Use Policies Final Report (1998) / Chapter Skim
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6.0 Research and Development Needs
6.0 Research and Development Needs
Pages 157-184
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From page 157... ...
program for the short- to medium-term (e.g.5 over the next five years) which would result in a significantly- improved state-of-practice in the use of integrated urban models (as well as considerably more widespread use of these models in operational urban planning applications)
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This complexity is a major rationale for employing integrated urban models. The current and historical relative lack of use of integrated models is due to many factors.
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is due to many factors. Arnona the more important of these obstacles to the use of integrated urban models in operational planning contexts are the following: i)
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computational resources and appropriate databases for model development. Ultimately, these constraints reflect a lack of funding of arid institutional support for integrated urban modeling at the local, state and federal levels, most probably due to a combination of the factors listed above.
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First at the local planning agency level, the first step towards the development of a strong integrated modeling capability is to develop a strong travel demand modeling capability; indeed, there is little point in considering integrated models if the local travel demand mode] is not "in good shape".
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Methods are often spreadsheet-based and usually involve considerable professional judgement. Non-market-based land allocation model.
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~^: | ~: | Land Allocation I ~ ~ ~ -~.
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MEPLAN, TRANUS, MUSSA, NYMTCLUM and UrbanS~m are all current examples ofthis modeling approach as is the "ideal" model. Similarly columns In Figure 6.~ represent different levels oftravel demand modeling capability, of which four are explicitly shown: TI.
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or vice versa (although there are cities that currently have sophisticated travel demand models with little or no land-use modeling capability)
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This is seen as a realistic objective for advancing the state-of-the-practice In Integrated modeling in advance of the Tong-term realization of the ideal model, for two reasons: It reflects a travel demand mode! structure (Iogit / peak-penod assignment)
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upgrades, especially with respect to improving their land-use modeling capabilities. Financial arid technical resource constraints have been identified above as major obstacles to improving integrated urban modeling capabilities.
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Need for guidelines / advice in the use of integrated urban models. Pilot programs should implement a range of models, from which experience and guidance could be developed.
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. Micro simulation holds promise, but.much research is required to develop the method and to resolve issues conceding its data requirements (which are potentially huge)
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implementation and evolutionary development of existing models 4. development ofthe "next generation" of urban models; and - 146
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.-. ~i: Data Assembly, Documentation, Dissemination Support for On-going | | "Next Generation" ImplementationITesting: Model R&D of Existing Models - :.
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sub-national diffusions. 6.5.2 Implementation and Evolutionary Development of Existing Models Almost certainly the two biggest barriers to the more widespread use of integrated urban models by local planning agencies are: the lack of local resources (i.e., expertise and money)
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so that the staff can obtain detailed experience with the model. In other affords" the testing phase provides the opportunity for extensive "technology transfer" of the model from the modeler to the local planning staff.
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Taxonomy . Conditions Travel demand modeling activity (between T!
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However, special attention also must be given to the development of other, traditionally problematic data that are essential to the development ofthe more advanced Arouse models, notably, employment price data firm location choice.
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; _ ~ · a, micro-scale urban modeling; linkages to activity/trave] models; ~..
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Development of various simple tools and procedures for use in situations in which formal integrated urban models are not available (e.~., small urban areas or as an interim measure in larger urban areas which currently do not have a significant integrated urban modeling capability)
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etc. 6.5.5 Training and Information Dissemination A major barrier to the implementation of integrated urban models is a lack of trained staff in MPOs who can properly use these complex models.
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, an important component of this activity should be the development arid maintenance of a well advertized web site which would provide planners with access to a centralized library of information concerning integrated urban modeling and which would also provide a central contact point for the proposed users group. Information contained within the web site could include: all reports and other documentation generated by the R&D program described above; all manuals and other training materials, documentation of existing models, and literature reviews, annotated bibliographies etc.
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particularly if they address one of the traditionally problematic data items (employment, price data. firm location choice etc.~.
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perhaps under the direction of (or at least with the advice of) a member of the technical management function.
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Z) these dollar amounts represent "reasonable judgements" concerrung how much should be spent in order to have a significant impact on the integrated urban modeling state of practice and art over the next five years.
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In Years 3 arid 4 $~.5 million per year will be allocated to implementation and testing of selected next generation model ~rototvDes. This activity will be staged, with increasingly elaborated prototypes being tested as time goes on.
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4.2 Years 2 through 4 represent "steady-state" activity levels associated with trainings development of resource documents and maintenance/expansion of the web site. 4.3 Year ~ assumes reduced funding requirements due to less development of new resource material and reduced demands for web site maintenance and updating.
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