Risking the Future Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing, Volume II Working Papers only (1987) / Chapter Skim
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3. Contraceptive Decision-Making among Adolescents
3. Contraceptive Decision-Making among Adolescents
Pages 56-77
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From page 56... ...
7 d isplays the number of women age 15-44 exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy who are currently practicing contracep~ tion. Women exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy includes those practicing contraception, and those not practicing contraception who had sexual intercourse in the last three months and were not pregnant, 56
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From page 57... ...
A second study found that 85 percent of never-married sexually active women 20-24 were currently using contraception {Tanfer and Horn, 1984~. Table 2.8 shows the methods currently used by never-married users 15-19 and 20-24 in 1982.
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From page 58... ...
, a level as high as that of blacks, among whom three quarters use the most effective methods. Again, this table includes teenage women of all marital statuses.
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From page 59... ...
And the factors associated with initiating contraception may differ from those associated with continuing contraceptive use, once initiated. Thus the second ma jor concern will be a discussion of the factors associated with continued contraceptive use including the difficulties associated with using it, change from one method to another, and the effectiveness and consistency of use.
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From page 60... ...
For black teen women, having had a greater number of partners and having used a medical method at last intercourse were associated with a -treater frequency of sexual intercourse.
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From page 61... ...
On the other hand, a number of contraceptive methods do not require any knowledge of time of greatest risk, and some studies suggest that users of such methods are least knowledgeable about tinning of pregnancy r isk (Presser, 1977)
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From page 62... ...
found that after adjusting for other differences between young women, in particular the age at first sex, current age, SES and family stability the race difference was not statistically signif icant. The difference in use of a contraceptive method at f irst sex by age at the time remained highly signif icant; women who were older at first intercourse were much more likely than women who were younger to have used a method at that tone.
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From page 63... ...
Age at f first intercourse continues to be important, with those older at first intercourse more likely to have used a medical method at that tine . Again, only a f ew var tables were assoc iated with use of a prescription method, and the total proportion of var iation in contraceptive use explained by these var tables was very small.
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From page 64... ...
; in contrast, half of black female users reported using female and half reported using male methods, with most of the female methods being prescription methods. The reports of white male users are very similar to those of white female users, with 7 out of 10 reporting use of a male method at first intercourse.
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From page 65... ...
Table 2.10 shows that sexually inexper fenced women are less 1 ikely than exper fenced women to correctly perceive the time of greatest pregnancy risk in the menstrual cycle . There is very little work on adoption of contraception after first intercourse-either the process or the types of methods used.
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From page 66... ...
One of the most important factors associated with currently using contraception are current age and length of time sexually active. Zeloik et al.
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From page 67... ...
Tncluded in the model were a series of socioeconomic background charges teristics as well as a series of variables measuring perceived advantages and disadvantages of pregnancy and perceived pregnancy risk. She found that using effective contraception at last intercourse was associated with a high score on the subjective probability of pregnancy, a low score on perceived advantages, a high score on perceived disadvantages of pregnancy, a low estimate of the probability of using abortion if pregnancy occurs, and a low rating of disadvantages of birth control.
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From page 68... ...
In another study which controlled for background factors as well as character isthmus of the respondent and current relationship and which used a different data set, Furstenberg (1983) did not f ind either duration of exposure to pregnancy risk or current age to be associated with contraceptive continuation (continuous contraceptive use over 15 months as measured by two different measures)
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From page 69... ...
Flaherty and Maracek (1982) found that girls who talked with their mothers and cited the mother as a source of birth control information used contraception more regularly; however, she did not control for other differences between young women.
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From page 70... ...
Table 2.11 shows use failure rates for unmarried women over the period 1979 to 1982, from the National Survey of Family Growth (Grady et al., 1986~. Failure rates vary substantially by age, contraception method, duration of exposure, poverty ratio income, race, parity and contraceptive intention of the woman.
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From page 71... ...
Compar ing single with marr fed women, failure rates for the former are higher for the pill, lower for the condom and use of no methods. ~ t is likely that the differential frequency of intercourse among married women explains their greater failure rates for the condom and no method, while greater inconsistency of pill use explains the greater failure rates of pill use among unmarried compared with married women.
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From page 72... ...
Herold (1980} found that teen females who have favorable attitudes toward contract tion, a low level of embarrassment about contraception, and a low level of premarital sex guilt are more likely to use effective contracept ion. Beliefs about who should have responsibility for birth control have also been found to be associated with more effective contraception.
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From page 73... ...
Distinguishing between medical and non-medical methods helped discriminate levels of pregnancy risk only slightly. Unfortunately, however, Furstenberg { 1982)
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From page 74... ...
(1981) found that the agreement betweenpartners' responses to questions about contraceptive practice ranged f ram 60 to 90 percent, the correlations between responses ranged from .18 to .90.
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From page 75... ...
Young women with better educated parents and in intact families were more likely to have contracepted at f irst intercourse. Black women are more likely to have reported using a medical method at first intercourse.
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From page 76... ...
Bab-ever' since their pregnancy rates also appear to be higher, how good our understanding is of actual contraceptive practice is in question. No' to we know the full extent of differences in pregnancy or contraceptive failure rates by age.
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From page 77... ...
(1980) found that, net of other factors, a previously pregnant woman was more likely to use a method at last intercourse, and to use a medical method.
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