Monoclonal Antibody Production (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Animal-Welfare Issues Related to the Ascites Method for Producing Monoclonal Antibodies
Animal-Welfare Issues Related to the Ascites Method for Producing Monoclonal Antibodies
Pages 33-44
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From page 33... ...
the invasive tumors which result." Such statements are generally not supported in the literature. Most of the cited papers contain scant data and tend to be circular and to cite each other or to cite a review of the earlier literature by McGuill and Rowan (1989)
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From page 34... ...
Therefore, in mice it is probably more important to perform needle taps frequently to avoid ascites fluid accumulation sufficient to cause distress. However, some cell lines produce clinical signs in mice indicating distress, including anorexia, rapid breathing, hunched posture, hypothermia, and decreased activity.
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From page 35... ...
Increases or decreases in an animal's exploratory behavior during a period of 1~/2-3 hours after a test treatment could be converted into a disturbance index that quantified the departure from normal exploratory behavior. In one of the tests conducted on the animals, the investigators found that intraperitoneal injections of mineral oil resulted in a statistically significant increase in the disturbance index after 6 days (Barclay and others 1988~.
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From page 36... ...
The sheets provide a significant amount of data that have proved to be of benefit to both animal care staff and investigators. In summary, biomedical scientists have not recorded much evidence of pain or distress in laboratory rodents undergoing the ascites method of mAb production.
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From page 37... ...
There appears to be little dispute that pristane causes inflammation and blocks lymph flow in the peritoneal cavity, but there is some dispute about whether it causes animal distress. Pristane does induce a lupus-like syndrome in mice 4-8 weeks after intraperitoneal injection, which affects animal welfare (Satoh and Reeves 1994; Richards and others 1998~.
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From page 38... ...
monitored animals daily and reported clinical signs that included roughened hair coat, hunched posture, progressive increase in abdominal distension, decrease in activity, palpable abdominal masses, thin appearance, and dehydration (see table 1~. The onset of those signs was related to the accumulation of ascitic fluid, which was determined by visible abdominal distension and increasing body weight, and the severity of the abnormalities increased with time.
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From page 39... ...
However, any animal with persistent, severe clinical abnormalities was euthanized. During the 30 minutes immediately after the tap, the following clinical abnormalities were noted in some animals in each group: roughened hair coat, hunched posture, decreased activity, tachypnea,
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From page 40... ...
that require tapping of abdominal fluid to be performed under anesthesia and to be followed by injection of 1-2 ml of warmed saline to minimize posttapping hypovolemic shock. It is not clear that anesthesia use does reduce overall distress (for example, anesthetic administration causes handling stress)
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From page 41... ...
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From page 42... ...
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From page 43... ...
The harvesting of such fetal serum has raised concerns about the welfare of the animals from which it is obtained, but there are few descriptions in the published literature of such operations. It has been suggested that hybridoma cell cultures require feeder cells harvested from mice peritoneal cavities or mouse embryoblast serum (Harrow and Lane 1988, pp.
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From page 44... ...
44 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PRODUCTION An additional animal-welfare concern, although not directly related to the ascites method, is the use of FBS during in vitro mAb production. It should not be assumed that in vitro procedures are inherently more humane; the use of fetal bovine serum raises questions with regard to the methods for collecting the serum, in that the serum might be obtained under circumstances that may lead to distress for the animals (McGuill and Rowan 19891.
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