Risking the Future Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing, Volume II: Working Papers and Statistical Appendices (1987) / Chapter Skim
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Statistical Appendix Trends in Adolescent Sexual and Fertility Behavior
Statistical Appendix Trends in Adolescent Sexual and Fertility Behavior
Pages 353-520
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From page 353... ...
The study was supported by a consortium of private foundations, including the Rockefeller Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation. Over the two years of the study, the panel conducted a detailed review of data on trends in teenage sexual and fertility behavior, a review and synthesis of research on the antecedents and consequences of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing, and a review of intervention strategies and programs.
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From page 354... ...
The statistical appendix is organized into eight sections containing tables with brief accompanying summaries. Sections 1 through 4 present data on teenagers at successive points along the path to adolescent pregnancy, including sexual activity, contraceptive use, and premarital pregnancy.
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From page 355... ...
SEXUAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS . Proportion Of Women Aged 15 To 19 Beginning Menstruation At Specific Ages, By Race, 1976 - 1980 1.2 1.3 1.4 I.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 Percent Never Married Women Living In Metropolitan Areas Ever Experiencing Sexual Intercourse, By Age 1971 - 1982 All Women And Never-Married Women Who Have Ever Had Sexual Intercourse, By Age And Race, 1982, National Survey Of Family Growth Cumulative Sexual Activity By Single Year Of Age, Sex, Race And Ethnicity, 1983, National Longitudinal Survey Of Youth Cumulative Percentage Of Women And Men Under 20 Who Ever Had Intercourse, By Age, Race And Study, United States, 1938 to 1984 Percent of Sexually Experienced Never-Married Women Aged 15-19 Who Had Intercourse Only Once, by Age and Race, 1976 Frequency Of Sexual Intercourse Among Unmarried Females 15 To 24 Who Ever Had Intercourse By Race, 1982 National Survey Of Family Growth Distribution {in Percentages)
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From page 356... ...
CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS 2.1 Percentage Distribution Of Sexually Active Women Aged 15-19, By Contraceptive-Use Status, According To Race, 1976, 1979, 1982 2.2 Percent Of Women Aged 15-44 Who Used A Contraceptive Method At First Intercourse And Percent Distribution Of Women Who Used A Method, By Type Of Method, 1982 National Survey Of Family Growth 2.3 Percentage Distribution Of Sexually Experienced Women Aged 15-19 And Men Aged 17-21, By Type Of Contraceptive Method Used At First Intercourse; Percentage Distribution Of Those Using A Method, By Type Of Method; According To Race And Planning Status Of First Intercourse, 1979, Metropolitan U.S. 2.4 Percentage Distribution Of Sexually Experienced Women Aged 15-19 By Type of Contraceptive Method Used At First Intercourse; Percentage Distribution Of Those Using A Method, By Type Of Method; According To Race, 1982 National Survey Of Family Growth Percentage Distribution Of Sexually Experienced Women Aged 15-19 And Men Aged 17-21 Who Did Not Use A Contraceptive Method At First Intercourse, By Reason Reported For Not Having Used A Method, According To Planning Status Of First Intercourse And Race, 1979, Metropolitan O.S.
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From page 357... ...
PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENTS 3.1 Reproductive Behavior, U.S. Women Aged 15-19, 1960-1984 Pregnancies, Abortions, Miscarriages And Live Births By Marital Status To Women Aged 15 To 19, 1982 Proportion Of Women Ever-Pregnant Before Age 20, 1976 And 1981 Percentage of Premaritally Sexually Active Women Aged 15-19 Who Ever Experienced A Premarital First Pregnancy, By ContraceptiveUse Status And Race, 1979 And 1976, Metropolitan U.S.
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From page 358... ...
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIRTHS TO ADOLESCENTS 6.1 Number Of Births In The United States To Women Under Age 20 By Race, 1955 - 1984 6.2 Birth Rates By Age Of Mother, By Race Of Child, United States, 1950 - 1984 6.3 Number Of Out-Of-Wedlock Births In The United States (estimated) By Age Of Mother: 1955-1984 6.4 Birth Rates For Unmarried Women by Age of Mother and Race of Child: United States, 1970-84 6.5 Live Births By Age Of Father, Age Of Mother, And Race Of Child: United States, 1983
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From page 359... ...
VII ADOPTION OF CHILDREN BORN TO ADOLESCENTS . Percentage Distribution Of Premarital Live Births Resulting From First Pregnancies Of Women Aged 15-19 At Interview, By Living Arrangements Of Baby And Race Of Mother: 1982, 1976, and 1971 7.2 Percentage Of Babies Born Premaritally To Women 15-44 Years Of Age At Interview Who Were Placed For Adoption By Age Of Mother At Birth Of Child And Race, 1982 National Survey of Family Growth 7.3 Adoptions by Type and Age of Mother, State of California Selected Years, 1967 to 1983
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From page 360... ...
A-8 / 360 VIII. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENT PARENTS 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Percent of Women Aged 20-29 Completing High School By Age At Birth Of First Child, Race And Ethnicity, 1982 National Survey of Family Growth Percent of Mothers Aged 20-29 Having A Subsequent Birth Within 24 Months Of The First, By Their Age at First Birth, Race And Ethnicity, 1982 National Survey of Family Growth Cumulative Percentage Of Metropolitan-area Women Aged 15-19 Who Had A Premarital Second Pregnancy, By Number Of Months Following Outcome Of The Premarital First Pregnancy, According To Race, Outcome And Age At Conclusion Of First Pregnancy, 1971, 1976 and 1979 Receipt Of AFDC Among Women Aged 20-29 By The Women' s Age At First Birth, Pace, And Ethnicity, 1982 National Survey Of Family Growth Poverty Status Of Mothers Aged 20-29, By Their Age At First Birth, Race, and Ethnicity, 1982 National Survey of Family Growth 1,
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From page 361... ...
, the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLS) , and the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)
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From page 362... ...
Data were coded in years. Source: Unpublished tabulation from Ronette Briefel, National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS, Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 - 1980.
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From page 363... ...
The mean age at first menstruation for all women was 12.6 years, 12.7 years for white women and 12.5 years for black women. The difference in age at first menstruation between black and white women is not statistically signif icant.
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From page 364... ...
5, Sept/Oct 1980. William Pratt, NCHS, National Survey of Family Growth, 1982, Cycle III, unpublished tabulations, 1984.
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From page 365... ...
The decline in the proportion sexually active occurred for 15-, 16-, 17-, 18- and 19-year-old female teenagers regardless of race. The decline for white teenagers was slight, from 42.3 to 40.3 percent for 15- to 19-year-olds and is not statistically significant.
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From page 366... ...
White Black All Women All Ages 15-4454,09945,3676,985 86.3 86.0 89.7 15-199,5217,8151,416 46.9 44.9 58.9 15-175,1224,119821 32.2 30.1 44.1 151,4741,191209 19.2 17.9 28.0 161,6011,302260 30.4 28.8 41.6 172,0461,626352 43.0 40.1 55.4 182,3271,967302 58.1 54.8 77.0 192,0721,728293 70.7 69.0 82.0 20-2410,6298,8551,472 85.4 84.5 93.2 25-4433,94928,6974,097 97.6 97.7 99.0 Never-Married Women All Ages 15-4419,16414,9483,545 61.3 57.6 79.6 15-198,8397,1931,377 42.8 40.2 57.8 15-174,9683,971818 30.1 27.S 43.8 151,4601,177209 18.4 16.9 28.0 161,5591,263257 28.5 26.7 40.8 171,9491,531352 40.1 36.4 55.4 182,1071,768289 53.8 49.7 76.1 191,7641,454270 65.6 63.2 80.5 20-245,8114,5021,084 73.3 69.5 90.8 25-444,5143,2521,084 82.0 79.7 96.3 * Single years of age refer to the mid-points in the age intervals, e.g., 15 means 15.5 years.
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From page 367... ...
The proportions of never-married women aged 15-19 ever having had sexual intercourse are only slightly lower than for all women aged 15 to 19 because most women under age 20 have never been married. Unmarried teens account for 32 percent of all unmarried women ever having had intercourse and 8 percent of all sexually active women.
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From page 368... ...
[Hispanic persons may be of any race. Source: Special Tabulations from the 1983 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University.
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From page 369... ...
This data base, like the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) , indicates that black females were more likely to have had intercourse than whites or Hispanics.
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From page 370... ...
A-18 / 370 TABLE 1.5 Cumulative Percentage Of Women And Men Under 20 Who Ever Had Intercourse, By Age, Race And Study, United States, 1938 to 1984 Females Males Study Year AgeWhite Black White Black Kinsey, Pomeroy 1938-50 131 & Martin, 1948 142 Kinsey, Pomeroy, 153 Martin & Gebhard, 167 1953, U.S. 17 18 19__ 2020 14.8 27.8 38.8 51.6 61.3 68.2 71.5 73.1 Vener & Stewart, 1970 13 10 -- 24 1974; Michigan, 14 10 -- 21 School B 15 13 -- 26 Sample, 16 23 -- 31 Tables 4 & 5 17+ 27 -- 38 TOTAL 16 -- 28 1973 13 10 -- 28 14 17 -- 32 15 24 -- 38 16 31 -- 38 17+ 35 -- 34 TOTAL 22 -- 33 Miller & Simon 1971 14-15 5.3 -- 7.8 1974, Illinois 16-17 21.7 -- 20.9 Table 3 TOTAL 13.0 -- 14.0 Sorenson, 1973 1972 13-15 30 44 Table 404, U.S.
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From page 371... ...
A-19 / 371 TABLE 1.5 Table le 5 presents cumulative percentage distributions of women and men under age 20 who ever had intercourse by age, race and study for the United States f rom 1938 to 1964. This table shows both the trends over time in adolescent sexual activity and variations and cons istenc ies in sample est imates.
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From page 372... ...
Kantner, Asexual and Contraceptive Experience of Young Unmarried Women in the United States 1976 and 1971." Family Planning Perspectives 9, 1977. Reprinted by permission.
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From page 373... ...
. Among sexually experienced never-married 15- to 19-yearold women, nearly IS percent had sexual intercourse only once.
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From page 374... ...
Source: Special Tabulations from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle III, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS.
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From page 375... ...
(NSFG) Overall, 18.1 percent of sexually experienced female teenagers reported that they had not had intercourse in the three months prior to the interview, 20.7 percent of whites and 9.5 percent of blacks.
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From page 377... ...
In 1971, 60 percent of the black women had had only one premarital sexual partner, while in 1979 about 40 percent of the black women had had only one premarital sexual partner. There was about an 11 percent age point decline in the number of white women who had had one partner in 1971 compared to 1979, 62 versus 51 percent.
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From page 378... ...
Shah, First Intercourse Among Young Amer icans, ~ Family Planning Perspectives, 15 (2 ~ (March/April) , 1983 Repr inted by permission.
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From page 379... ...
Only 4.6 percent of the white women and 3.3 percent of the black women had recently met their first sexual partners. Among males, however, 40 percent of the white men and 58 percent of the black men said that their first sexual partners were friends or someone they had just recently met.
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From page 380... ...
Zelnik and F.K. Shah, "First Intercourse Among Young Americans," Family Planning Perspectives, 15 (2)
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From page 381... ...
were more likely to have recently met and less likely to be engaged to their first partner than teenage women who had first intercourse at age 18 or 19. Among males, however, those who first had sexual intercourse at age 18 to 21 were more likely to have recently met their first partner than males who first had intercourse under age 18.
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From page 382... ...
Zelnik, "Sexual Activity Among Adolescents: Perspective of a Decade, In E.R. McAnarey (Ed.)
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From page 383... ...
In both years, black women were more likely than white women to first have sexual intercourse in a motel/hotel. For white women the location of first premarital intercourse was more likely to be a car or elsewhere than for black women.
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From page 384... ...
. Source: Special Tabulations from the 1983 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University.
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From page 385... ...
Black males were more likely to be sexually active by age 20 than whites and Hispanics and, Hispanic males were as likely to be as sexually active white males by age 20, regardless of mother's education. Black females were more likely to be sexually active by age 20 than whites and Hispanics regardless of mother's education.
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From page 386... ...
1Hispanic Persons may be of any race. Source: Special Tabulations from the 1983 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University.
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From page 387... ...
It should be noted that high school drop-out rates may be a consequence of levels of sexual activity as well as a measure of the community context.
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From page 389... ...
Among limitations of the data on contraceptive use are the lack of information on males, and the lack of standardization of contraceptive categories across surveys. In the tables that follow, data on contraceptive use are presented for sexually active men and women by marital status, timing of use (i.e., just intercourse, most recent intercourse, currently)
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From page 391... ...
Among these women, 48.2 percent used at first intercourse, 52.1 percent of the white women and 36.0 percent of the black women. A lower proportion of women had never used a contraceptive method in 1982 compared to 1976, regardless of race.
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From page 393... ...
(NSFG) Among all women aged 15 to 44 in 1982, slightly less than one-half used a contraceptive method at first intercourse.
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From page 394... ...
4~ g L,l · - eq ~ o 4J ~ c ro 4J o ~ `.4 · ~ o a~ to 4~ :, a, ~ ~ u)
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From page 395... ...
Of the women who used a method at first intercourse, the planners were more likely than those who did not plan to use a female prescription method while male planners were more likely than those who did not plan to use a male contraceptive method. Black women were more likely than other young men and.women to rely on a female prescription method.
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From page 396... ...
964 . O Users only: Female prescription17.4 15.429.6 Female nonprescription8.9 9.45.
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From page 397... ...
. Black women aged 15 to 19 were more likely than white women to have used no method at first intercourse.
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From page 398... ...
A-46 / 398 O so O · a v a ~ 0 ~ 5: Cal ~ 1 0 to £ a, .~ 0 £ .
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From page 399... ...
For both males and females regardless of whether they planned first intercourse, less than 5 percent of those not using contraception at first intercourse reported that they wanted to become pregnant or did not care if a pregnancy occurred. Among those who planned first intercourse and did not use contraception, 16.2 percent of the women and 8.5 percent of the men, thought pregnancy was impossible, and 31.2 percent of the women and 25.6 percent of the men said they did not want to use contraception.
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From page 400... ...
A-48 / 40 0 1 ao o U]
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From page 401... ...
The data are from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) , and include only women who did not use contraceptives at first intercourse but used it at sometime after first intercourse.
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From page 403... ...
. Women exposed to the risk of an unintended pregnancy includes women practicing contraception and those not practicing contraception who had sexual intercourse in the last three months and were not pregnant, post partum, seeking pregnancy or non-contraceptively sterile.
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From page 405... ...
Among teenage women aged 15 to 19, 69 percent of the exposed white women and 64 percent of exposed black women used a method. Women aged 15 to 19 who were exposed to an unintended pregnancy and who were using contraception were more likely to use the pill then older women, 71 percent of black teens and 60 percent of white teens, compared to 55 and 48 percent of older women respectively.
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From page 406... ...
S ingh, H ispanic Adolescents and Contraception: An Analyses of Data f rom the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the APHA, 1985.
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From page 407... ...
This proportion is slightly higher than for non-hispanic blacks and slightly lower than for non-Hispanic whites and others, but differences are very small. Hispanic women aged 15 to 19 exposed to the risk of an unintended pregnancy and using contraception were as likely as non-Hispanic whites and others to use the pill and more likely than non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites and others to use the IUD or sterilization.
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From page 409... ...
White women at all ages were more likely than black women to perceive the time of greatest pregnancy risk.
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From page 410... ...
Yagi, Unintended Pregnancy in the United States: The Impact of Contraceptive Method and User Characteristics, n Family Planning Perspectives (18)
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From page 411... ...
Failure rates are the number of pregnancies occuring per 1,000 women using a given contraceptive method. These data indicate substantial differences in contraceptive-use failure rates by user characteristics.
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From page 413... ...
Data on the number of pregnancies among sexually active women who do and do not use contraceptives by race, pregnancy intention, and other social characteristics are derived mainly from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLS) , the National Surveys of Young Women and Men (NSYW/M)
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From page 414... ...
A-62 / 414 lo or or CO Cal 1 of rid or 1 Lr #¢ U]
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From page 417... ...
The pregnancy rate calculated just for sexually experienced women, however, declined through the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s from an estimated 458 pregnancies per 1, 000 sexually active women to 233 pregnancies per 1, 000 sexually active women. One result of this trend was a decrease in the number of births per 1, 000 women aged 15 to 19 through the 1960s f rom 88 births per 1, 000 women in 1960 to 51 births per 1, 000 women in 1984.
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From page 418... ...
6 Miscarriages 144, 626 13.4 Live births 513, 758 47.0 Conceived post-maritally 145, 907 13.4 Conce ived premar itally, born post-maritally 118, 678 10.9 Born prernaritally 249,173 22.8 Source: See Table 4.1 for Source of Pregnancy, Abortion, Miscarriage and Live Birth Figures; O'Connell and Rogers 1984, der ived f rom the 1982 Current Population Survey.
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From page 419... ...
Of all pregnancies resulting in live births to women aged 15 to 19, 13.4 percent were conceived post-maritally, 10.9 percent were conceived premaritally and born post-maritally, and 22.8 percent were born premaritally.
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From page 420... ...
A-68 / 420 TABLE 3 .3 Proportion Of Women E`rer-Pregnant Before Age 18 and Age 20, 1976 And 1981 Percentage Experiencing a First Pregnancy by Age Yea r and Race 18 20 1976 Total 23.7 41.1 19 81 Total 23.9 43.5 White 20.5 39.7 Black 40. 7 63.1 Source: Calculated by Jacqueline Darroch Forrest, 1986; see Table 3.1 f or sou rce of data .
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From page 421... ...
In 1981, the proportions were slightly higher, 23.9 percent of the women experienced a first pregnancy by age 18, 43.5 percent by age 20. In 1981 a higher proportion of black women than white women had a first pregnancy by age 18, 40.7 compared to 20.5 percent and by age 20, 63.1 percent compared to 39.7 percent, respectively.
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From page 422... ...
F Kantner, 1980, asexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy Among Metropolitan-Area Teenagers: 1971-1979," Family Planning Perspectives 12~5)
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From page 423... ...
Women who were premaritally sexually active and had never used contraception were the most likely to have ever experienced a premarital pregnancy, 62.2 percent in 1979. White women aged 15 to 19 were less likely than black women to have ever experienced a premarital pregnancy, except among those who always used contraception, where whites were slightly more likely than blacks to have ever had a premarital pregnancy.
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From page 424... ...
A-72 / 424 ~ ' · - to ~ :;3 P4 a ~ U]
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From page 425... ...
By 24 months after first intercourse, half of the teenagers who had never used contraception had become pregnant while 12 percent of the teenagers who reported that they had always used a contraceptive method had become pregnant.
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From page 427... ...
Among teenagers who had an unintended premarital pregnancy the percent were using contraceptives were more than three times higher in 1979 than in 1971, 32 compared to 9 percent. Even so, black females who had an unintended premarital pregnancy were less likely to have used contraception than white females, especially in 1976 and 1979.
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From page 429... ...
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) carry out abortion surveillance which includes reports of abortions from most State health agencies, some hospitals, or from State participants in the Cooperative Health Statistics Registry of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
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From page 433... ...
Data are tabulated by the Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI) on the basis of its annual survey of clinics and other abortion providers combined with data on patient characteristics reported by most states to the Centers for Disease Control.
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From page 435... ...
The abortion rate increased by 4 percent for women under age 15 from 1979 to 1981, by 2 percent for women aged 15 to 19, and 2 percent for women aged 20 to 24. The proportion of pregnancies terminated by abortion rose less than one percent between 1979 and 1981 for young women under age 15, not at all for women aged 15 to 19, and 3 percent for women aged 20 to 24.
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From page 436... ...
K Prager, "Induced Terminations of Pregnancy: Reporting States, 1981" NCHS, Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol.
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From page 437... ...
The abortion rates for black women for the 1979-1981 period were 15.1 per 1,000 married women and 41.7 per 1,000 unmarried women. For white women, the abortion rates were 6.5 per 1,000 married women and 33.3 per 1,000 unmarried women.
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From page 438... ...
A-86 / 438 TABLE 4 . 4 Estimated Abortion Rate Per 1, 000 Women Aged 12-19*
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From page 439... ...
For every 1,000 white women there were 11 abortions in 1972 and 24 abortions in 1978. The abortion rate was 17 per one thousand black women in 1972 and 51 per 1,000 in 1978.
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From page 441... ...
There were 270 abortions for every 1,000 live births to white teenage women in 1972 and 615 per 1,000 in 1978. The ratio of abortions per 1,000 live births for nonwhite (black and other)
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From page 442... ...
A-90 / 442 TABLE 4.6 Ratios of Induced Terminations of Pregnancy By Race And Age Of Woman, 1980: 12-State Area (Ratios Per 1,000 Live Births. Induced Terminations of Pregnancy And Live Births Are Only Those Occurring In The Area Among Residents Of The Area)
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From page 443... ...
For all ages under age 20, the abortion ratio was higher for white women than for black women. Among women aged 20 and over, however, the number of abortions per 1, 000 live births was higher for black women than for wh ite women.
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From page 444... ...
A-92 / 444 TABLE 4.7 Percent of Induced Terminations of Pregnancy To Women With No Previous Induced Termination, By Age And Race Of Women: 12-State Area, 1980 (Data Include Only Induced Terminations Of Pregnancy Occurring In The Reporting Area) Ratio Alla Age of Woman Races White Black All Ages 65.7 68, 9 57.8 Under 15 years 94.7 96.0 93.
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From page 445... ...
6 percent of white women and 70. 8 percent of black women.
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From page 447... ...
, the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth and the National Surveys of Young Women and Men (NSYW/M)
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From page 448... ...
Bureau of the Census, Marital Status and Living Arrangements", CPR, Series P-20, 1960, 1970, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1985; Statistical Abstract of the U.S.: 1985, Washington, D.C., 1986.
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From page 449... ...
The proportion of females who were single rose by 28 percent for 18 and 19 year old women. The increasing tendency to remain single was more dramatic for black females aged 18 and 19 than for white and Hispanic females aged 18 and 19.
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From page 450... ...
(1,469) (500 Conceived/born in wedlock 77.4 68.6 61.7 52.3 42.7 41.9 35.6 Conceived/born out-of-wedlock 9.4 10.6 13.7 14.5 20.2 30.3 36.8 Conceived out-of wedlock/born in wedlock 13.2 20.8 24.7 33.3 37.1 27.8 27.6 Black Women Aged 15-19 (251)
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From page 451... ...
of all first births to black women aged 15 to 19 from 1950 to 1954 and over 96 percent from 1980 to 1982 were babies conceived out of wedlock. Out of those conce ived out of wedlock, seven out of every ten babies born between 1950 and 1954 and nine out of every ten babies born between 1980 and 1981 were born to single mothers.
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From page 453... ...
Also included are data on prenatal care among adolescent mothers and infant mortality rates for babies born to adolescent mothers. In the following tables, the data on births to adolescents are from the National Vital Statistics and the 1980 National Natality Survey.
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From page 454... ...
A-102 / 454 in .,.
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From page 455... ...
A-103 / 455 TABLE 6.1 Table 6.1 shows the number of births by age of mother for females under 20, by race from 1955 to 1984. In general, the number of births to females under age 20 gradually increased from 1955 through the early 1970s and then began to steadily decline primarily due to changes in the number of women in these age groups.
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From page 457... ...
A-105 / 457 ~ ~ ~ Cal ~ ~ ~ Cal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Cal oCal ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Us ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ e ~ · ~ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O ~O O O O O O O' O O O U-)
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From page 459... ...
The rates for black women decreased by 35, 31 and 36 percent respectively from 1970 to 1982. The birth rates for teens aged 10 to 14 are low and remained fairly stable throughout this period.
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From page 461... ...
The decline in the difference between the number of births to nonwhite and white single women aged 15 to 17 and 18 to 19 was even more dramatic. There were 56 percent fewer births to single white women aged 15 to 17 compared to non-white women in 1955 and only 1 percent fewer in 1984.
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From page 462... ...
A-110 / 462 TABLE 6.4 Birth Rates For Unmarried Women by Age of Mother and Race of Child: United States, 1970-84 (rates are live births to unmarried women per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group, estimated as of July 1) Age of Mother 15-19 Years Years and 15-17 18-19 Race of Child Total Years Years All Races 1984 30.2 21.9 43.0 1983 29.7 22.1 41.0 1982 28.9 21.5 40.2 1981 28.2 20.9 39.9 1980 27.6 20.6 39.0 1979 26.4 19.9 37.2 1978 24.9 19.1 35.1 1977 25.1 19.8 34.6 1976 23.7 19.0 32.1 1975 23.9 19.3 32.5 1974 23.0 18.8 31.2 1973 22.7 18.7 30.4 1972 22.8 18.5 30.9 1971 22.3 17.5 31.7 1070 22.4 17.1 32.9 White 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 19.0 18.5 17.7 17.1 16.2 14.6 13.6 13.4 12.3 12.0 11.0 10.6 10.4 10.3 10.9 13.5 13.5 12.9 12.4 11.8 10.8 10.3 10.5 9.7 9.6 8.8 8.4 8.0 7.4 7.5 27.6 26.1 25.1 24.6 23.6 21.0 19.3 18.7 16.9 16.5 15.3 14.9 15.1 15.8 17.6
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From page 463... ...
7 73.5 117.9 1975 93.5 76.8 123.8 1974 93.8 78.6 122.2 1973 94.9 81.2 120. 5 1972 98.2 82.8 128.2 1971 98.6 80.7 135.2 1970 96.9 77.9 136.4 Source: NCHS Advanced Reported of Natality Statistics 1984, Monthly Vital Stat ist ics Report, Vol 35, No.
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From page 464... ...
The birth rate for unmarried white women aged 15 to 19 rose from 10.9 to 19.0 births her 1.000 unmarried women from 1970 to 1984, a 74 percent increase. ~ women, the birth rates fell from 90.8 ner ~ .000 unmarried women, decreases of married births =_ _, respectively.
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From page 467... ...
In compar ison, among black mothers under age 15, 15 percent reported having partners over age 19. Among both black and white women aged 15 to 19 report ing the father' s age, 72 percent of the white mothers aged 15 to 19 had partners over age 24 compared to 64 percent of the black mothers aged 15 to 19.
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From page 469... ...
Fourth, black teens under age 20 consistently made up a larger proportion of both the first births and all births to black women than white teens under age 20 did among whites. Just under half of all black first-born children has a mother not yet 20 years of age.
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From page 470... ...
A-118 / 470 o o EN ·e s £ o C .,, .,, o · e 1Q .,, A: to Cal e p ;~ 0 ~ JJ o0 a, eq s ' .
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From page 471... ...
There were 39,712 births to mothers of Mexican origin aged 15 to 19 compared to 7,112 births to Puerto Rican mothers aged 15 to 19, 2,930 births toCentral and South American mothers aged 15 to 19 and 766 to Cuban mothers aged 15 to 19. Births to women under age 20 constituted 17 percent of births to all Hispanic origin mothers compared to 13.2 percent of births to nonHispanic mothers in these states.
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From page 473... ...
There were 28,577 out-of-wedlock births to Hispanic mothers aged 15 to 19 in 1984; 17,103 of those births were to Mexican women aged 15 to 19. Out-of-wedlock births made up 10 percent of all births to Hispanic women aged 15 to 19.
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From page 474... ...
Forrest, "The Need for Prenatal Care in the United States: Evidence from the 1980 National Natality Survey", Family Planning Perspectives, Vol.
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From page 475... ...
Black mothers under age 20 were the most likely to receive inadequate prenatal care, 12.8 percent compared to 11.9 percent of Hispanic and 8.3 percent of white mothers, even though Hispanic mothers of other ages were more likely than black or white women to receive inadequate care. Also, unmarried mothers of all ages were more likely than married mothers to have had inadequate prenatal care.
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From page 476... ...
A-124 / 47 6 TABLE 6.10 Number and Percent Of Live Births With Low Birth Weight and Live Births by Birth Weight, by Age of Mother and Race of Child: united States, 1983; Based On 100 Percent Of Births In Selected States and On A 50-percent Sample Of B irths In All Other States Low B irtb We ight Age of Mother and Race of Ch ild Number Percent Total ^ 11 Races All ages246,1056.73,669,141 under 15 years1,35013.69,965 15-19 years43,8179.3469,682 15 years2,74411.424,142 16 years5,78910.953,178 17 years8,7199.889,424 18 years12,0879.3130,159 19 years14,4788.4172,779 20-24 years78,4446.91,141,578 25-29 years68,2245.91,165,711 30-34 years38,7625.9658,496 35-39 years13,1806.7195,755 40-44 years2,2208.326,846 45-49 years1089.81,108 Wh ite ^11 ages163,1175.62,923,502 Anger 15 years42810.83,959 15-19 years24,5037.6320,953 15 years1,1879.212,869 16 years2,9819.232,529 17 years4,7948.159,618 18 years6;9687.790,470 19 years8,5736,8125,467 20-24 years51,1225.7898,919 25-29 years48,1385.0969,061 30-34 years28,0135.1549,595 35-39 years9,3025.9159,246 40-44 years~540`4200974 45-49 years719.0795 811 Other All ages82,98811.1745,639 Under 15 years92215.46,006 15-19 Years19,31413.0148,729 15 years1,55713.811,273 16 years2,80813.620,649 17 years3,92513.229,806 18 years5,11912.939,689 19 years5,90512.547,312 20-24 years27,32211.3242,659 25-29 years20,08610.2196,650 30-34 years10,7499.9108,901 35-39 years3,87810.636,509 40-44 years68011.65,872 45-49 years3711.9313 Black All ages73,17812.4592,745 Under 15 years89115.65,720 15-19 Years18,14713.5134,392 15 years1,50114.110,637 16 Years2,67814.019,158 17 years3,70313.727,112 18 years4,78213.435,656 19 years5,48313.141,829 20-24 years24,69912.2203,562 25-29 years17,23111.7147,111 30-34 years8,64011.773,858 35-39 years3,01812.624,028 40-44 years53013.63,906 45-49 years2213.1168 1Less than 2,500 grams. Sources: NCHS, "Advanced Final Natality by Statistics, 1983", Monthlv Vital Statistics Report, Vo1.
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From page 477... ...
Over 10 percent of the white babies born to teens less than age 15 and 7.6 percent of the white babies born to teens aged 15 to 19 had low birth weights compared to 15.4 percent of black babies born to teens under age 15 and 13.0 percent of those born to teens aged 15 to 19.
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From page 478... ...
IS ingle years of age refer to the midpoints in the age intervals, e.g., 15 means 15.5 years. Source: Special tabulations f rom the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS.
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From page 479... ...
The estimated proportion of women having a first birth before age 20 was the highest for Hispanic women, 47.0 percent, compared to 39.8 percent for black women and 13.2 percent for white women. Most of these births occur at ages 18 and 19.
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From page 480... ...
Note: Sandpile is limited to respondents age 20 and over at 1983 survey date. Source: Special Tabulations from the 1983 National Longitidunal Survey of Youth, Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University.
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From page 481... ...
. Males were less likely than females to report having a child by age 20, despite the higher percent of males than females who were sexually active by age 20.
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From page 482... ...
Ressel n Infant Mortality Rates from the 1980 National Natality Survey and Twenty Year Trend Comparisons" NCHS, Unpublished paper, 1985.
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From page 483... ...
The 1960 data are f rom the Study of Infant Mortality From Linked Records and the 1980 data are from the National Natality Survey/National Death Index. These data indicate that in 1960 mothers under age 20 had the highest infant mortality rate, 33.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
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From page 485... ...
There is no national system for the collection of data on adoptions or the characteristics of mothers who relinquish children for adoption. The data presented here are from the National Survey of Family Growth, National Survey of Young Women (NSYW)
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From page 486... ...
A-134 / 486 of con o o Cal ~ Cal o ~ O ~ In · e Q 0 ~ ~ m ~ 0 · JJ In to JJ At: a · m ~ ~ · ·-, ·~ ~ m · Pi · H O ~ · JJ :]
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From page 487... ...
The 1982 data are from the 1982 Nat tonal Survey of Family Growth.
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From page 488... ...
A-136 / 488 TABLE 7.2 Percentage Of Babies Born Premaritally To Women 15-44 Years Of Age At Interview Who Were Placed For Adoption By Age Of Mother At Birth Of Child And Race, 1982 National Survey of Family Growth .
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From page 489... ...
Among white women who were age 17 or younger at the birth of the child, 17.2 percent placed the child for adoption compared to 1 percent of black women who were age 17 or younger at the birth of the child. Of women who had a premarital birth before 1973, 19.5 percent of the white women and .7 percent of black women placed the child for adoption.
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From page 490... ...
2Independent adoptions are those in which the mother of the child arranges the adoption independent of or through an adoption agency. The data for independent adoptions are collected in survey form and the exact response rate is not known.
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From page 491... ...
In 1967 there were 8,195 adoptions and 3, 419, or 42 percent, of those babies were born to mothers less than age 20, while in PY' 1982-83 there were only 1,534 independent adoptions and 498, or 33 percent, of those babies born to mothers under age 19.
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From page 493... ...
and 1982 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)
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From page 494... ...
include Source: Special tabulations from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle IIT, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS.
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From page 495... ...
For instance, 55 percent of the white women and 76 percent of the Hispanic women aged 15 to 17 at f irst birth completed less than 12 years of schooling compared to 43 percent of the black women aged 15 to 17 at f irst birth.
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From page 496... ...
Source: Special tabulations from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS.
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From page 497... ...
The highest percent having a second birth among white and Hispanic women aged 20 to 29 were women who first gave birth at age 18 or 19, 25 and 34 percent respectively. Among black women however, women who first gave birth at ages 15 to 17 were the most likely to have a second birth within 24 months.
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From page 498... ...
"Repeat Pregnancies Among Metropolitan Area Teenagers: 1971-1979," Family Planning Perspectives 14 (6) (November/December)
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From page 499... ...
in which we recognize abortions are under-reported. A higher cumulative percent of black teens reported a second premarital pregnancy within 24 months after the outcome of the first premar ital pregnancy than white teens in 1971, 1976 and 1979.
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From page 500... ...
Source: Special tabulations f rom the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle III, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS.
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From page 501... ...
Data are from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG)
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From page 502... ...
Source: Special tabulations from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, Cycle III, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, DHHS.
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From page 503... ...
Of the women under age 15, aged 15 to 17 and aged 18 to 19 at first birth, 78, 50 and 51 percent respectively had incomes below 150 percent -of the poverty level compared to 37, 20 and 9 percent of women aged 20 to 21, 22 to 24 and 25 to 29 at f irst birth. Additionally, 23 percent of the women who had no births had incomes below 150 percent of the poverty level; 34 percent of black women, 27 percent of the Hispanic women and 21 percent of the white women.
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From page 505... ...
National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Exper fence of Youth Young Women, Young Men, Mature Women and Mature Men 3. National Vital Statistics 4 .
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From page 506... ...
Data are used by health care providers and researchers, demographers and other social scientists, and by policy makers at both the federal and local level. SPONSORSHIP The survey is sponsored by the National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, Family Growth Survey Branch.
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From page 507... ...
William Pratt, Chief, Survey of Family Growth Branch National Center for Health Statistics 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-8731
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From page 508... ...
The richness of the data has also attracted researchers studying fertility issues, educational progress, marriage and divorce, income family structure. SPONSORSHIP The Department of Labor initiated the National Longitudinal Surveys and has provided much of the funding over the years.
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From page 509... ...
CONTENT The National Longitudinal Surveys were designed pri marily to analyze sources of variation in the labor market behavior and experience of Americans. Conse quently, the content of the surveys is weighted toward labor force training and experience.
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From page 510... ...
SPONSORSHIP These four longitudinal surveys were initiated by the Office of Manpower Policy Evaluation, and Research of the Department of Labor. The Center for Human Research of Ohio State University has developed the questionnaires and makes computer tapes and a wide range of documentation available.
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From page 511... ...
Further interviews have been cancelled. CONTENT In keeping with the primary orientation of the surveys toward labor force issues, numerous questions focus on employment experience, unemployment, income, and training.
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From page 512... ...
A-160 / 512 AVAILABILITY Data tapes and complete documentation as well as a publications list are available f rom the Center for Human Resource Research, 5701 North H igh Street, Worthington, Ohio 43085. Contact: Pat Rhoton or the respective cohort coord inator s: Mature men - G ilbert Nestel Mature women - Lois Shaw Young men - Stephen Hills Young women - Frank Mott, or Pr incipal Investigator for the NLS - Ken Wolpin ~ 514 888-8238 or (614)
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From page 513... ...
In addition, the birth certificate provides legal proof of the birth. SPONSORSHIP The National Center for Health Statistics, vital Statistics Division, collects and publishes nasality data.
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From page 514... ...
436-8954, fatality Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, Nat tonal Center for Health Stat ist ics, 3 7 0 0 East-West H ighway, Hyattsville, Maryland 20792
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From page 515... ...
A multi-stage probability sampling method is used involving f irst the selection of geographically def ined primary sampling units (629 in 1982) , next (through sub-stages)
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From page 516... ...
CONTENT In addition to data on employment, unemployment, per sonal income, and work-related activities, the core survey collects data on family income, housing tenure, household composition, age, sex, education, race/ origin, and marital status. AVAILABILITY A rich array of published tabulations are available in The Current Population Reports, especially Series P-20 (population characteristics)
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From page 517... ...
DESIGN A description of the basic design of the Current Population Survey was provided in the write-up of the core survey. The supplemental questions have been asked of all persons in sampled households meeting certain eligibility requirements.
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From page 518... ...
but not the amount. The exclusion of unmarried women under 18 from any of the supplements means that no data on out-ofwedlock births to younger teenagers are available from this source.
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From page 519... ...
There have been different respondents in each cohort. CONTENT Detailed data are collected on sexual activity, contraceptive use, pregnancy, pregnancy intention, and sex education exper fence.
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From page 520... ...
CONTENT Data on age, race, marital status, education, number of children, gestation at abortion, number of previous abortions, and method of abortion are obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and combined with AGI data on the totals number of abortions to generate national estimates.
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Key Terms
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