R & D Consortia and U.S.-Japan Collaboration Report of a Workshop (1991) / Chapter Skim
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4. U.S. -Japan R&D Collaboration
4. U.S. -Japan R&D Collaboration
Pages 25-31
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From page 25... ...
Protectionism in the ~aditional sense of tariffs and ostensible trade barriers is not necessarily growing. Industrial policies, the affirmative measures taken by governments to promote national industries, are becoming more prominent, and these policies create new questions because they are developed to create advantages for national firms.
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From page 26... ...
Rather, ITT was a portfolio of national monopolies. As perceived barriers to trade have increased, the market structure for telecommunications equipment has changed drastically, shifting to a regime of "open industrial policies." The essence of this policy approach is to allow international competition while aiding home country firms.
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From page 27... ...
What might eventually emerge as a working definition of a local firm in critical industries would include a local subsidiary, 50 percent local content, and some technical sophistication requirement. This might involve local R&D across products or technical sophistication in the production process.
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From page 28... ...
CORPORATE STRATEGY AND INTERNATIONAL R&D COLLABORATION The history of business interactions between Japanese and American firms suggests that there are potential risks and complications as well as benefits. An American company contemplating collaborative research with Japanese firms, either under Japanese government, international, or private auspices, must consider a number of factors.
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From page 29... ...
aircraft, Pratt & Whitney formed a consortium with General Electric, Rolls Royce, and the French firm Snecma. Together they negotiated their possible participation in a MITI-led consortium to develop the HSCT jet engine.38 A major challenge has been to reach agreement on intellectual property rights, since standard Japanese government practice is to maintain ownership of the intellectual property rights that result from contracts it supports.39 Differences in perspective are also apparent between the Japanese and U.S.
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From page 30... ...
IMS is a Japanese proposal for cooperation in R&D that can have a positive impact if it encourages new modes of government-industry interaction in the United States.4i A good deal of uncertainty remains about IMS; issues of funding, organizational modalities for cooperation, identification of technical priorities, and allocation of benefits must be spelled out in more detail in a feasibility stage if IMS is to become a reality.
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From page 31... ...
firms to think in terms of"technopatriotism," which is based on the expectation that national firms retain national character and that the future of American-based firms is bound up with the future of America's economy and technological strength. While some instead advocate a borderless world in which corporations lose national character, it is clear that national affiliations remain significant.
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