Learning the R & D System Industrial R & D in Japan and the United States (1990) / Chapter Skim
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3 Consortia
3 Consortia
Pages 14-21
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From page 14... ...
Although considerable interest exists today in consortia as a means of pooling talent and resources for joint technology development, the lack of a comprehensive assessment of consortia in either Japan or the United States makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions at this stage. Industry participants in consortia in both countries often downplay the benefits they have gained, fueling doubts that consortia do not live up to expectations.
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From page 15... ...
, advice, and expertise. The ERCs have contributed to linking academic engineering research and education to engineering practice, through researcher training and other mechanisms.29 Whereas university-industry consortia are the most prevalent form of consortia in the United States, industry associations are the least common.
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From page 16... ...
As a general rule, consortia in both Japan and the United States have been most effective in promoting long-term fundamental research, but there are consortia in both countries where work is directed more toward applications. In such mature industries as the Japanese automobile industry, consortia research themes are limited to concerns common to the industry, such as technologies required to deal with environmental issues, new industry requirements imposed by government regulations, and standards setting.
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From page 17... ...
, with the involvement of diesel engine vehicle manufacturers to develop higher-efficiency, lower emissions, and multi-fuel capability in response to new regulations imposed by the Japanese government. The Japanese auto industry is highly competitive, and participants explain that the primary motivation in this instance was to pool resources in fundamental research on control of emissions from diesel engines.
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From page 18... ...
( %) shows share of stocks 30% owned by corporate members 70% owned by Key Technology Center FIGURE 6 Advanced Combustion Engineering Institute Co., Ltd.
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From page 19... ...
As in the situation with ACE, where intellectual property rights belong to the center, patent rights are also held by PERI.3s PERI is located in a newly built research facility, and the research staff comes from both industry and universities. Six foreign researchers, one from the United States, are working at PERI.
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From page 20... ...
, also holds title to the intellectual property rights to research. Procedures for licensing technology developed in MCC projects are determined by agreement among participants at the outset of each research project.36 MCC was formed in response to the challenge to the U.S.
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From page 21... ...
It may be a strength of Japanese consortia, particularly those receiving significant government funding, that they are established with finite durations and focused goals. ~ instances where the level of government funding is large, participants say expectations are adjusted accordingly, presumably to maximize the R&D subsidy gain as compared to the technology development benefit.37
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