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Learning the R & D System National Laboratories and Other Non-Academic, Non-Industrial Organizations in Japan and the United States (1989) / Chapter Skim
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6 Hybrid Organizations
Pages 30-33

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From page 30...
... MITT-SPONSORED JOINT RESEARCH LABORATORIES During the 1970s and 1980s Japan established a number of collaborative research projects with some form of government support or sponsorship. All of them bring together researchers from national and corporate laboratories in efforts to develop technology, in most cases with MITI support.
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From page 31...
... Unlike the other two projects, this one was established by the Japan Key Technology Center.54 In many ways this project is a direct extension of the OJL: the same companies that participated in OJL have become stockholders (along with a few additional companies) and the R&D focus is next generation OEIC technology.55 An important feature of all three projects is that the work of the joint laboratory is in basic research, while the participating firms independently pursue more applied research, competing directly in device development.
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From page 32...
... Whereas in Japan the locus of activity is private sector corporations, in the United States universities form the core. Eighteen Engineering Research Centers (ERCs)
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From page 33...
... Carnegie Mellon University has developed a design system with General Motors that is being implemented in its Fisher Body Division. The ERCs also have had academic impacts in training graduate students in fields like optoelectronics engineering, in established cross department degrees, and new graduate curricula.
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Key Terms

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  • joint research
  • generation computer
  • generation project
  • participating firms

  • hybrid organizations
  • participating companies
  • larger roles
  • technology research
  • potential gains

  • optoelectronic integrated
  • quo principle
  • competing directly
  • states universities
  • government direction

  • universities form
  • joint lab
  • common laboratory
  • independently pursue
  • university provides

  • formally established
  • direct influence
  • develop fine
  • third generation
  • mutual trust

  • using electron
  • research carried
  • electron beams
  • optoelectronics joint
  • eighteen engineering


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