Learning the R & D System National Laboratories and Other Non-Academic, Non-Industrial Organizations in Japan and the United States (1989) / Chapter Skim
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7 Conclusion
7 Conclusion
Pages 34-46
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From page 34... ...
Last year Oak Ridge National Laboratory received 1,200 visitors from Japan and 64 Japanese scientists and engineers conducted research there. Of its 1,090 guest researchers last year, NIST hosted 432 from foreign countries; 32 of those were Japanese.
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From page 35... ...
There is also significant, ongoing collaboration between the United States and Japan through national labs. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for example, is involved in collaborative research with Japan in areas such as new materials for fission energy, fusion development, nuclear fuel reprocessing, nuclear shielding, and nuclear physics.
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From page 36... ...
The "hybrid" organizations are still evolving, but they provide mechanisms to join efforts among competing private sector funs, a goal advocated by some in the United States today. While comparatively little attention has been paid to the professional associations in Japan, they are also actively involved in R&D projects useful to industry.
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From page 37... ...
Some describe them as "bridging" organizations that provide links between basic research carried out primarily in universities and the more applied and proprietary research under way in private corporations; it is clear that they perform a wide array of other functions. It may be more accurate to view these organizations as islands in a river, with one bank formed by the university research facilities and the other bank by corporate laboratories.
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From page 39... ...
It should be noted, however, that significant research and development is carried out in the United States with state and local government support. These organizations were not the subject of this meeting and are not covered in this report.
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, 7. 8 There are a number of university-based facilities such as the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in the United States and the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KKK)
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National Science Foundation, The Science and Technology Resources of Japan: A Comparison with the United States Washington, D.C.: June 1988)
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26 Kagaku Gijutsu Cho [Science and Technology Agency] , Kagaku Gijutsu Hakusho, 1988 [Science and Technology White Paper, 1988]
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40 The Franklin Institute has been disbanded. 41 These consulting firms note that although the financial value of the work they do is less than one percent of the nation's total R&D budget, they have served virtually every major industrial firm in the United States.
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From page 44... ...
Membership size varies widely in both countries. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers has 300,000 members worldwide (240,000 in the United States)
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58 Alexander Zucker, Keynote address, U.S.-Japan Dialog on Differences and Similarities in the Working Environment for Research, Workshop on National Labs and "Bridging" Organizations, June 5~, 1989. 59 Kagaku Gijutsu Cho [Science and Technology Agency]
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From page 46... ...
Kagaku Gijutsu Cho [Science and Technology Agency] , Kagaku Gijutsu Hakusho, 1988 [Science and Technology Agency White Paper, 1988]
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