Guidelines for Chemical Warfare Agents in Military Field Drinking Water (1995) / Chapter Skim
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pages 1-10
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CW agents are generally designed to be used on opposing military forces to produce death or incapacitation. When they are used in military attacks, they are potential contaminants of field drinking-water supplies.
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Army Office of the Surgeon General is updating these standards to assist the Army in protecting the health and performance of military personnel potentially exposed to toxic concentrations of CW agents in field drinking water during combat. The Army, in colIaboration with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, performed the following: (~)
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Tbe repot also presets 1be s~co~i~ee's recomme~ions far prevc~i~ adverse belly enacts in military personnel exposed ~ C W agonists geld drinking water and for bnproving fLetoxLty dab base for these C W agenls Itsbould be noted fob tbeinlenl of fob report was Dot to review fee toxicity oftbe C W agen1sin detail but to determine the adequacy oftbe Arnoy's proposed geld drinking- Her ~odards. For greater detad on dhe toxicity offLe C W agenis,dbe readerisref~rredto tberepo~s ofdbe Laurence Livern~ore Nations Laborarys~eU.S.Ar~.1 The subconuni~eels reconunend~ions on acceptable exposure leveb of C W agenls iD hold drinking w Her for miLtary personnel arc referred to as "guidelines" catber {bad "standards." Tbe subconun~tee believes me use of me trim "guideUnos" provides He necessary Cex~il~ 10 1L~=e LKermore N~n~ L~or~o~.
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The toxicity of the CW agents and the adequacy of the Army's proposed field drinking-water standards are summarized in the following sections; the subcommittee-recommended field drinking-water guidelines for CW agents are also presented. The subcommittee judged that acute adverse health effects and performance-degrading effects among military personnel are the most relevant toxicity end points for deriving field drinking-water guidelines for short-term exposures of 7 days or less.
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ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NERVE AGENTS Organophosphorus nerve agents have been used as CW agents for over 50 years. Those of current concern are tabun (Agent GA)
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Based on the available data, the subcommittee recommends that the 25 % AChE inhibition level be used as the basis for the field drinkingwater guidelines for organophosphorus nerve agents and recommends the following guidelines for the organophosphorus nerve agents: GA, 22.5 ,ug/I~ and 70.0 ,ug/L; GB, 4.6 and 13.S ,ug/~; GD, 2.0 and 6.0 ,ug/~; and VX, 2.5 and 7.5 ,ug/L-assuming a water consumption of 15 and 5 L/day, respectively. The subcommittee concludes that these guidelines are appropriate until the results of future research indicate that 25 % AChE inhibition is inadequate or overly conservative.
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It is possible that disinfectant materials currently used to treat field drinking water substantially reduce concentrations of sulfur mustard. The subcommittee recommends that this approach for reducing sulfur mustard in water be farther investigated.
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Ingestion of arsenic causes gastrointestinal irritation and pain. The Army's recommended standards for lewisite in field drinking water were proposed on the basis of developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits administered lewisite by Savage.
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At present, there is no field drinking-water monitoring capability that can reliably detect lewisite or elemental arsenic at the recommended field drinking-water guidelines. Therefore, the subcommittee recommends that field monitoring techniques for low-level detection of arsenic or lewisite be developed.
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From page 10... ...
TABLE E-! Summary of the Subcommittee's Recommended Field Drinking-Water Guidelines for Selected CW Agents in Field Drinking Watera Recommended Guidelines CW Agent 5 L/day 15 L/day 7.0 BZ (,ug/L)
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