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4 Barriers
Pages 29-33

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From page 29...
... Integration problems are caused by many factors, and addressing them all will not be easy. To begin with, software tools are inherently incompatible unless interoperability was a specific goal of the software development process used to create them.
From page 30...
... Although many of the organizations had documented processes for their engineering enterprise, few actually adhered to them, and there was not enough continuity or commonality among the elements of individual organizations, especially between research and operational elements. One way to create highly integrated AEEs is through the use of open architectures that allow the insertion of new elements using interfaces designed in accordance with predefined standards.
From page 31...
... For example, when Boeing upgrades its CAD software, legacy data are migrated upward into the upgraded software, but it is also retained in the original format. Retention of original data is required by the Federal Aviation Administration to enable reviews of the original product definition during accident investigations, certification of design modifications, and other purposes.
From page 32...
... Furthermore, program managers at agencies like NASA are often involved in complex first- or one-of-a-kind missions, such as the international space station or a planetary exploration mission. Using AEE simulations to replace physical tests on these missions would be especially risky without reliable methods for continuously validating the simulations.
From page 33...
... Therefore, some companies may replace comprehensive training on new tools with a strategy that trains staff to perform specific software functions only as needed. This would reduce unnecessary training, shorten the time between training and practical application, and minimize the need for retraining.


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