Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants Volume 3 (1999) / Chapter Skim
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3 New Smoke Formulations
3 New Smoke Formulations
Pages 36-49
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Combustion Products Buchanan and Ma (1988) characterized the combustion products produced by the new MiS grenades containing the new yellow-smoke formulation.
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1988) , and another was conducted on the inhalation toxicity of the combustion products of a smoke formulation composed of solvent green 3, solvent yellow 33, and disperse red 9 (Marrs et al.
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(1988) noted that the large number of deaths observed in the high-dose group of guinea pigs was not unprecedented, because a similar phenomenon was observed in a previous inhalation study in which guinea pigs were exposed to the combustion products of a brown smoke-formulation containing a mixture of three dyes: solvent green 3, solvent yellow 33, and disperse red 9 (Marrs et al.
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(1988) concluded that the findings in the respiratory tract of the animals exposed to the combustion products of both the yelloworange-smoke and the brown-smoke formulations represented the less specific effects of smoke toxicity rather than the effects of the dye components.
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of solvent green 3 was altered during the combustion process, and solvent yellow 33 remained relatively unchanged upon combustion of the smoke formulation. Additional information on the combustion products of the new green-smoke formulation is presented in Chapter I
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However, the combustion products of a smoke formulation of solvent yellow 33 and disperse orange ~ ~ (reviewed in the section on the new yellow-smoke formulation in this chapter) and a brown-smoke formulation composed of solvent green 3, solvent yellow 33, and disperse red 9 (reviewed in Chapter 2)
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(1986) found that solvent green 3 is retained in the lungs of animals following inhalation suggesting that the differences in the respiratory effects of the two combustion products might be due to the presence of solvent green 3 in the brown-smoke formulation.
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Toxicokinetics No studies have been conducted on the toxicokinetics of the combustion products of the new red-smoke formulation or on solvent red I, one of the smoke components. However, one study on the retention of disperse red T!
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Any assessment of the potential health effects following inhalation exposure to these combustion products must be made from studies conducted with either the pure individual dye components or mixtures of the dyes. A minimal number of studies have been conducted with mixtures of solvent red ~ and disperse red I]
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OVERALL EVALUATION OF TOXICITY There are no well-controlled inhalation toxicity studies on the combustion products of the new yellow-, green-, and red-smoke formulations that could provide a basis for the subcommittee to assess the potential health effects of exposure to these combustion products by military personne! or to recommend guidance levels.
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SUBCOMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS The data base is inadequate for assessing the potential toxicity of combustion products of the new yellow-, green-, and red-smoke formulations to make recommendations for exposure guidance levels. The subcommittee recommends that acute inhalation studies be conducted in experimental animals to test the toxicity of the new yellow, green, and red smokes.
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1984. Inhalation toxicity of a smoke containing Solvent yellow 33, Disperse red 9 and Solvent green 3 in laboratory animals.
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Dermal, Eye and Oral Toxicological Evaluations, Phase IV Report, with Disperse Red 11, Disperse Blue 3, Solvent Red 1, and Red and Violet Mixtures.
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