Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons (1999) / Chapter Skim
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7 Lockheed Martin Integrated Demilitarization System
7 Lockheed Martin Integrated Demilitarization System
Pages 102-118
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From page 102... ...
Second, caustic hydrolysis is used to decompose the chemical agent, break down the energetic materials, and decompose agent on metal parts and dunnage. Third, the hy drolysates from the hydrolysis processes are further treated using SCWO (supercritical water oxidation)
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From page 103... ...
Initia/ Deactivation of Rocket Energetics The sheared metal parts, bursters, fuzes, and fragmented propellant are transported (via gravity feed) into wire baskets in the rocket hydrolysis vessel.
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From page 104... ...
In Area 200, chemical agent and energetics are deactivated, separately, by hydrolysis with hot caustic solution in one of several hydrolysis vessels. Hydro/ysis of Drained Chemica/ Agent The chemical agent drained from the munitions in Area 100 is pumped to an agent neutralization reactor in Area 200.
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From page 105... ...
(Note that neutralization followed by SCWO treatment is expected to result in agent destruction to 99.9999 percent and concentration below detection limits.) 105 Hydrolysis of Energetics The caustic solutions from the rocket, burster, and nose closure hydrolysis vessels in Area 100 are continuously fed to an energetics deactivation reactor in Area 200 to ensure that the hydrolysis reactions are driven to completion.
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From page 106... ...
Prior to injection into the SCWO reactor, the agent and energetic hydrolysates are mixed in the SCWO feed tank, heated, and stirred to maintain a uniform solution at 85°C. The mixed hydrolysate from the feed tank is pumped up to the operating pressure of the transpiring-wall SCWO reactor and mixed with supplemental fuel (kerosene or isopropyl alcohol)
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From page 107... ...
Metal parts, which have been treated to 5X, are quenched to room temperature and disposed of off site. The gaseous effluent from the thermal-reduction batch processor and thermal-reduction continuous processor, together with the off-gases from the initial munitions access and energetic deactivation step and from the caustic hydrolysis step, are sent to the GPCR reactor, the third part of Area 400.
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From page 108... ...
Component Amount AREA 100a + AREA 200b NaOH Decontamination solution NaOH Water NaOC1 Total M55 rockets VX Steel Aluminum Comp B Nitrocellulose Nitroglycerine Dunnage Total M121A1 projectiles VX Steel Comp B TNT Dunnage Total Nitrogen Total areas 100 + 200 AREA 300C Kerosene Oxygen Waste Oils Total area 300 AREA 400d Natural gas Steam Hydrogen Nitrogen Other dunnage Total area 400 Total plant inflow 741 7 126 7 140 140 172 171 45 189 81 308 1,106 84 1,262 34 4 74 1,458 652 4,203 114 1,074 14 1,202 472 557 s 25 151 1,210 6,615 amunitions access and energetics deactivation bcaustic makeup and hydrolysis Csupercritical water oxidation dgas phase chemical reduction Source: Lockheed Martin, 1998. release.
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From page 109... ...
Component Amount AREA 100a AREA 200b AREA 300C Vent gas Treated solids to landfill Total Area 300 AREA 400d Treated metals Steel Other Clean solids to landfill Product gas to boiler Total Area 400 Total plant outflow o o 1,107 1,559 2,666 1,421 11 313 2,183 3,928 6,594 amunitions access and energetics deactivation bcaustic makeup and hydrolysis Csupercritical water oxidation dgas phase chemical reduction Source: Lockheed Martin, 1998.
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From page 110... ...
Effectiveness of Energetics Decomposition via Hydrolysis Significant unknowns remain in the decomposition and deactivation of energetic materials by base hydrolysis (see Appendix E) , and the destruction of energetics in the rocket, burster, and nose closure hydrolysis vessels may take longer than expected because of the uncertain reaction rates.
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From page 111... ...
2. Many of the hydrolysis vessels for energetics involve mechanical conveyors operating in a hot 20-percent caustic solution, which is a severe
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From page 112... ...
Gas Phase Chemical Reduction. The thermal-reduction batch processor/GPCR process has been used commercially to treat PCB-contaminated electrical equipment.
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From page 113... ...
Process Safety The technology provider proposes using several unique pieces of equipment: · a modified (from baseline) rocket-shear machine · a rocket hydrolysis vessel for sheared rocket parts, propellant and energetics
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From page 114... ...
The burster hydrolysis vessel is slightly pressurized to achieve temperatures up to 1 35°C but does not represent a significant stored-energy hazard. The SCWO reactors operate at 238 aim and 780°C and do represent major reservoirs of stored energy.
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From page 115... ...
The gas streams from the SCWO reactors and the ventilation air exhaust from contained process areas are monitored, passed through activated-carbon filters, and released to the environment. (The exhaust gas from the SCWO reactors has been shown to consist principally of carbon dioxide and water vapor with trace amounts of low molecular weight hydrocarbons.)
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From page 116... ...
Salts. Salts from the SCWO reactors will contain the sodium salts of fluoride, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite and are expected to contain trace amounts of low molecular weight hydrocarbons.
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From page 117... ...
Full-scale implementation will involve interfacing and integrating batch processes (the hydrolysis reactors and the thermal reduction batch processor) with continuous processes (the SCWO reactor, the thermal reduction continuous processor, and the GPCR reactor)
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From page 118... ...
Any demonstration must characterize this stream to ensure that permitting as a boiler fuel is pos sible. If this off-gas cannot be used as a boiler fuel, significant process modifications may be necessary.
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