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Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons (1999) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix F: Supercritical Water Oxidation
Pages 230-234

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From page 230...
... This appendix provides a general description of SCWO and lists the findings of the 1998 National Research Council report on SCWO of VX hydrolysate (NRC, 1998) , which are considered to be applicable to this study.
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From page 231...
... KEEPING UP WITH ONGOING SCWO TESTI NG SCWO has been selected by the Army for the treatment VX hydrolysate at the Newport, Indiana, site. The design of that SCWO system is well under way, but significant testing still remains to be done.
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From page 232...
... Operation with VX hydrolysate or appropriate surrogates at design conditions, equipment configuration, or approximate scale for full-scale operations has not been demonstrated. A vertical cylindrical reactor is the only reactor configuration that has been successfully demonstrated to date at pilot scale for the treatment of VX hydrolysate and similar waste streams.
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From page 233...
... A basis for the reliable scale-up and operation of SCWO technology for the treatment of VX hydrolysate has not yet been demonstrated. Fundamental knowledge about the following processes within the SCWO reactor is still not available: · the number and characteristics of the physical phases, including large quantities of entrained and adhered solids and potentially liquid, gas, and supercritical fluid phases · fluid dynamics and mixing processes complicated by relatively high loadings of insoluble salts · heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction mechanisms and kinetics · salt nucleation, particle growth, agglomeration and adhesion mechanisms, and kinetics Because the understanding of fundamental processes is limited and the process operational data and experience are sparse, empirical design and engineering judgment will be required for the selection of a prudent scale for development prior to full-scale demonstration.
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From page 234...
... Requirements for process destruction efficiencies and final disposal standards for all effluent streams from SCWO treatment should be clearly defined to ensure that the final design meets regulatory standards. REFERENCES GA (General Atomics)
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Key Terms

  • water oxidation
  • scwo reactor
  • organic constituents
  • additional development
  • using supercritical

  • chemical weapons
  • cylindrical reactor
  • destruction efficiencies
  • nerve agent
  • scwo technology

  • scwo treatment
  • vertical cylindrical
  • control strategies
  • process monitoring
  • reaction conditions

  • insoluble salts
  • operating regimes
  • process destruction
  • final disposal
  • treat hydrolysate

  • disposal standards
  • assembled chemical
  • reliable operation
  • operating characteristics
  • reactor configuration

  • greatly reduced
  • pure water
  • proceeds according
  • careful selection
  • increased pyrolysis


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