Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States (2000) / Chapter Skim
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3 Conclusions and Recommendations
3 Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 65-88
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From page 65... ...
This would include advanced power generation, greenhouse gas controls, environmental technology, and transportation efficiency. · Development of collaborative programs to accelerate the deployment of advanced technologies.
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From page 66... ...
recommends that a standing committee be established among the four Academies to identify opportunities for research, development, demonstration, and deployment of cleaner and more efficient energy technologies. The Academies are well suited to this task because they maintain strong contacts with government, industry and the international lending community and have the capacity to evaluate the technical merits of particular energy approaches and the framework necessary to implement them.
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From page 67... ...
Al a) The CCEF recommends that the fourAcademies create a subcommittee to collaboratively assess the design and implementation of energy efficiency policies and programs.
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A2) Considering the national importance placed on the reduction of greenhouse gases by many countries, including the United States, and on economic development and local and regional environmental control by China, our governments should initiate a dialogue on incentive programs to accelerate the deployment of advanced energy technologies, which would become cost-effective in the expected economic environment.
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From page 69... ...
Historically, USAID has undertaken activities such as institutional and market reform, technical training, and building and transferring experience with new technologies and management techniques. In particular, USAID works to pro_ _ mote renewable energy applications, energy efficiency, and other clean-energy technologies.
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From page 70... ...
private-sector participation in the development of China's energy sector by reducing financial risk to acceptable levels. Such modest financial assistance could significantly enhance advanced energy technology utilization opportunities.
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This situation provides a remarkable opportunity for collaboration between China and the United States to have great influence. The Energy Conservation Law provides only broad guidelines, to be implemented by the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Development Planning Commission, and regional authorities.
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Some of the barriers include high costs of obtaining reliable information about technologies and markets, inadequately defined business terms (including intellectual property issues) , high transaction costs for financing energy efficiency projects, inadequate expertise to evaluate or apply advanced technologies in key energy-using sectors in China, issues of intellectual property agreements in both China and the United States, lack of transparency in terms of commercial trade and investment between the countries, and the numerous barriers to energy efficiency associated with all energy markets.
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From page 73... ...
B2) The CCEF recommends significantly strengthening and expanding the existing program of collaborative precompetitive research, development, and demonstration of energy efficiency technologies between the two countries.
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The move away from petroleum-based transport systems is a logical next step considering our ability to use clean coal technologies, advanced nuclear power and renewable energy sources.
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in combination with advanced gas turbines and fuel cells, and other technologies that will allow coal to be used more efficiently, cleanly, and economically. However, at least for the foreseeable future in the United States, very little private-sector interest exists to build or invest in research, development, and demonstration on these advanced coal-based systems because of the high risks and long payback of the investments compared to natural gas-based systems.
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From page 76... ...
Cla) The CCEF recommends that both governments support a nongovernmental, independent Clean Coal Technologies Information and New Technology Training Center, which would cooperate closely with the private sector in each country to undertake studies and analyses, conduct seminars, and perform institution building.
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to build upon the extensive foundation of existing technical studies and other initiatives listed in Chapter 1. Close coordination with the Clean Coal Technologies Information and New Technology Training Center mentioned earlier would be desirable to reach as broad a range of candidate technologies as possible.
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D NATURAL GAS The natural gas sectors of the United States and China are very different in their scale and technical development, though each country will be relying more on gas resources in the time frame of this study.
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D1) The CCEF recommends that both governments work collaboratively to explore possibilities in developing an overall strategy for accelerated natural gas development in China that includes production of domestic natural gas and CBM, and imports of piped natural gas and liquefied natural gas.
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Dlc) In developing an overall natural gas utilization strategy, the CCEF recommends China consider distributed electric power generation options using remote sources of natural gas or CBM from smaller fields to meet the energy
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Should further exploration reveal sizable natural gas resources, infrastructure could be developed to add natural gas to the coal, nuclear, and hydro that already supply electricity to large urban areas.
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has undertaken efforts to examine transportation systems in light of sustainability concerns, and could provide valuable insight.39 F RENEWABLE ENERGY The Chinese government's strategy for greater utilization of renewable energy technologies is outlined in the New and Renewable Energy Development Program, 1996-2010, jointly issued by the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, and the State Science and Technology Commission.
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From page 83... ...
Fla) To ensure that these large-scale renewable energy technologies are available for widespread deployment in the middle of the next century, the CCEF recommends that the governments of the United States and China consider a
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F2) The CCEF recommends that both governments establish periodic reviews of renewable energy collaboration to better meet strategic objectives of both countries.
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In the United States, orders for natural gas power plants will dominate in the next several years given the combined effect of lower capital costs, relatively low-priced fuel, and a highly efficient combined-cycle technology. Should greenhouse gas controls be imposed, though, the attractiveness of nuclear power would rise, and the option to expand its use should be maintained.40 G1)
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From page 86... ...
G2) Our governments and industry should play a leadership role in international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Association of Nuclear Operators to assure that international commitments, regulations, and appropriate measures are defined and implemented.
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H1) The CCEF recommends that the governments of the United States and China collaborate on measures to foster the development of a successful electric power sector, including: · planning for interconnection and further development of the electric power grid · support for and/or initiation of financing by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and other internationalfinancial institution for the electric power grid in China; 42 The National Academy for Nuclear Training (NANT)
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From page 88... ...
China's ongoing efforts to provide energy services to its large rural population provide a significant opportunity to examine the role of non grid-connected systems, especially those that incorporate a renewable energy component. Efforts of international financial institutions to provide electric power services in China are encouraged to look at opportunities in distributed generation in China.
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