Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Research 1981 Report (1981) / Chapter Skim
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4. Behavioral Sciences
4. Behavioral Sciences
Pages 82-104
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From page 82... ...
TE113 TRAINING OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS The description in Chapter 3 of the training of basic biomedical scientists is also a description of the training of those behavioral scientists whose orientations are strongly biological. The patterns of training for behavioral scientists are even more varied than those for the biological sc dentists, however, for the f ields are more diverse in content and in methodologies, and the career objectives of persons earning higher degrees in the behavioral sciences include not only health-related purposes, but a wide variety of others, f ram studies that involve substantial historical and documentary analyses, to those that involve highly mathematical and analytical processes.
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From page 83... ...
While the evidence of need for large numbers of suab persons to be supported is not as convincing today as it was in earlier times, it is clear that a department that loses support in the form of a training grant encounters serious difficulties in developing the appropriate educational programs for those students who plan health careers. Those departments that have experienced diminished support through training grants, or who have lost them 83
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From page 84... ...
If clinical training grants ~ranisb, the importance of the research training grant will perforce increase. The department that wishes to provide an excellent program of training for a doctoral candidate who intends to enter a bealth-related part of the behavioral sciences has ~ cliff icult task without outside help.
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From page 85... ...
14 ~ 12 Q I 10 o 8 z z Or ~ 4 UJ > a: 2 _ 7.8 5.4 11.1 TOTAL BEHAVIORAL Total O Academic Nonacademic 6.0 5.5 7.3 10.6 NONCLINICAL CLINICAL FIGURE 4.1 Average annual growth in behavioral science labor force by broad field and employment sector, 1973-79. See Table 4.2.
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From page 86... ...
3 percent annual rate over the 1977 level, the growth rate in academic employment has slowed perceptibly in the last half of the 1970 decade. No strong trend toward nonacademic employment by nonclinical behavioral scientists is apparent.
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From page 87... ...
sumY INDICATORS (New Emu) : Nonclinical fields: thD.
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From page 88... ...
. In contrast to the nonclinical behavioral sciences, most clinical behavioral sc dentists are employed in the nonacademic sector.
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From page 89... ...
Percent Nonclinical Behavioral Science Ph.D.'s Employed in: Nonsciences Sciences _414.3% ~ 7.4% \ Other ~ Social . 7.2X ; Nonclinical Sciences ~ / Behavioral \ 14.1% / Sciences / >< / Clinical ~ \ / Behavioral Sciences 57.0% Other &ionces (1296)
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From page 90... ...
. These data indicate that nonclinical behavioral scientists continue to utilize their research skills in a variety of research settings.
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From page 91... ...
While postdoctoral training in ache behavioral sciences is still in its incipient stages, with benef icial results largely in the future, it is encourag ing to note that avai fable data indicate that those who have taken postdoctoral appointments spend a considerable portion of their employment time in research. Once again using data f rom the recent NRC study of postdoctorate (Table 4.
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From page 92... ...
value of 0.037 to 0.035 in 198 5. Behavioral science graduate and undergraduate enrollments have fluctuated in a narrow range after reaching a peak in 1972.
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From page 93... ...
D.'s i>~ / / Nonclinical / ~ Behavioral Ph.D.'s W/ /: Clinical Behavioral Ph.D.`s O , 1 1 1 1 1 1 960 65 70 75 80 85 FISCAL YEAR (d) Behavioral Science Ph.D.
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From page 94... ...
science faculty (F) in 1985 26,950 26,250 24,500 through 1985 Annual growth rate in F from 1978 to 1985 0.7% 0.3~o -O.S% Average annual increment due to faculty expansion 180 90 -130 Annual replacement needs due to: b death and retirement 260 260 250 other attrition 930 910 870 Expected number of academic positions to become available annually for behavioral PhD.'s 1,370 1,260 990 C
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From page 95... ...
In addition, the impact on the labor market of the recent expansion of professional schools of psychology, which are unrelated to traditional academic programs, is difficult to predict. Using its most likely projections of academic demand, the Committee has attempted to estimate the appropriate size of the behavioral science postdoctoral pool needed under these circumstances.
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From page 96... ...
Because the Committee believes that federal policy should take the lead in encouraging greater use of the postdoctorals, a 50 percent level of NRSA support of the postdoctoral pool is also specif led. IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIOR ~=M=-14DATIONS The Committee's recommendations in the behavioral sciences over the last 6 years have remained consistent with respect to the numbers of trainees and fellows supported, the level of dollars expended, and the distribution of awards between predoctoral and postdoctoral levels.
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From page 97... ...
The rationale for this recommendation was that the less favorable labor market for behavioral scientists, especially in academia, dictates a decrease in predoctoral support, while the growing sophistication of behavioral research in the area of health warrants an increase in postdoctoral support. Over the last 2 years the Committee has been concerned that the transition from a predominantly predoctoral program to one that ispredominantly postdoctoral has proceeded too slowly.
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From page 98... ...
In a letter to the NIH Director on January 21, 1981, the Panel requested clarification of NIH policy regarding the support of behavioral scientists. In particular, inquiry was made about the possibility that the actual number of behavioral science trainees supported by NIH was being masked by their classification under clinical research training programs.
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From page 99... ...
A proposal should be funded if it is of high quality and if it will produce effects directly related to the improvement of health care. Training grants should be funded if the programs frill produce persons who will make such a signif icant contribution to research, if the number of persons prepared in this area would be insuff icient were the training grant not in place, or if the quality of persons so trained would be inadequate for the tasks ahead were the training g rant not awarded .
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From page 100... ...
Recent employment patterns and the employment outlook through 1985 described earlier in this chapter indicate continued problems in the employment of nonclinical behavioral scientists. At the same time, the growing complexity of research problems in behavioral and health argue strongly for the acquisition of more depth of training experience.
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From page 101... ...
This is especially important for health-related training in the behavioral sciences, which frequently lacks an institutional commitment within large behavioral science departments and in medical schools. The Committee is convinced that recent proposals for eliminating institutional support f rom training grants, if effected, would have an immediate detrimental impact on training quality and would reduce the value of the training grant substantially.
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From page 102... ...
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From page 103... ...
The training grant should be the predominant mechanism of support in the behavioral sciences with an 80 percent/20 percent traineeship to fellowship ratio. In addition, because of the importance of the institutional support component of the award in planning and administering health-related training programs in behavioral science departments, the Committee strongly endorses the continuation of the training grant mechanism.
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From page 104... ...
3. About 1,220 positions per year have been created by faculty expansion and another (estimated)
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