Personnel Needs and Training for Biomedical and Behavioral Research 1983 Report (1983) / Chapter Skim
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6. Nursing Research
6. Nursing Research
Pages 131-142
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From page 131... ...
To this end, according to the American Nurses' Association, nursing research "develops knowledge about health and the promotion of health over the full life span, care of persons with health problems and disabilities, and nursing actions to enhance the ability of individuals to respond effectively to actual or potential health problems. So defined, nursing research Complements biomedical research, which is primarily concerned with causes and treatments of disease..
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From page 132... ...
and factors that negatively influence recovery studies to improve the prospects for high risk infants and their parents (on prematurity, stress-induced complications in childbirth, child abuse, and developmental disabilities, for instance) studies of methods to alleviate anxiety, stress, and pain associated with illness or disability studies to facilitate the utilization of new technological developments in patient care (such as those concerned with nasogastric tube feeding of hospital patients and techniques for recovery and maintenance of eating and grasping abilities following stroke)
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From page 133... ...
Reducing hospital length of stay, preventing rehospitalization, reducing the number of outpatient visits, and reducing absenteeism have been among the cost savings demonstrated by some of these studies. Long- or short-term nursing intervention with mothers having a history of child abuse, for example, was found to result in a lower rate of child rehospitalization due to parental abuse or neglect; the addition of a nurse practitioner to a small industrial company's health service was found to reduce employee time lost from work; and patient education programs and educational counseling of patients with a variety of surgical or medical problems have been found to reduce hospital length of stay, hospital readmission rates, the number of outpatient visits, and so forth, compared to control groups not receiving such nursing interventions.
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From page 134... ...
are met (Nursing Research , 19801. THE SUPPLY OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL AND DEMAND FOR NURSES WITH DOCTORATES Nursing research is conducted by investigators trained in numerous disciplines, including general medicine, various medical specialties, various branches of biomedical research, and the behavioral sciences.
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From page 135... ...
771. This last group, numbering 364,400 nurses, is the actual and potential pool of nurse researchers since graduates of diploma and associate degree programs are not eligible for advanced degrees unless they upgrade their educational levels.
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From page 136... ...
Since most nurses with doctorates work in schools of nursing, this is of concern to those attempting to generate increased nursing research. In 1970, an evaluation of a program designed to encourage faculty research noted that deans and directors of programs found it difficult to free faculty for research, and questioned how much could be expected from faculty in terms of a combined teaching and research load (Abdellah, 1970)
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From page 137... ...
A national panel of expert consultants was convened to establish criteria for staffing patterns and the educational preparation of RNs to meet service needs in different health care settings (hospitals, nursing homes, home care, etc.) and in units within those settings (E.R., newborn units, etc.)
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From page 138... ...
Finally, as this Committee noted in 1981, the rapid growth of doctoral training programs (which the data suggest has outstripped the growth in supply of doctorally prepared faculty) has resulted in programs of less than optimal quality (NRC, 19811.5 In short, nursing research still lacks the solid core of research trained and oriented teachers that are vital to any area of research.
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From page 139... ...
Since 1977 this Committee has developed recommendations concerning the number of students to be supported under the NRSA authority in the area of nursing research, the distribution between pre- and postdoctoral students, and the distribution between schools of nursing and other schools and basic science and non-science departments. The general view has been that federal support for nursing research training should emphasize the improvement of programs of demonstrated capability rather than the further proliferation of nursing doctoral
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From page 140... ...
TABLE 6.2 Actual and Recommended NRSA Training Awards in Nursing Research, FY 1979-81 FY 1979 FY 1980 FY 1981 Total Trainees Fellows Total Trainees Fellows Total Trainees Fellows Actual Awards Total 127 13 114 118 22 96 132 16 116 Predoctoral 110 4 106 108 12 96 126 12 114 Postdoctoral 17 9 8 10 10 0 6 4 2 Committee Recommendations Total 225 50 175 240 65 175 270 95 175 Predoctoral 193 43 150 205 55 150 230 80 150 Postdoctoral 32 7 25 35 10 25 40 15 25 SOURCE: National Research Council (1975-81)
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From page 141... ...
They argued that nurses should have advanced education in their own discipline -- nursing -- for a number of reasons including preparation for leadership in nursing and to develop competencies unique to nursing.) In view of the continued high demand for doctorally prepared nurses and the relative immaturity of the emerging field of nursing research, we agree with the general conclusions of the IOM study.
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